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Satellite-Derived Climatology Products for Monitoring Convection Over West and Central Africa
A weather forecaster’s knowledge of climatology is important to the success of a forecast, especially where convection is involved. That’s particularly true over Central and West Africa where convection has a strong diurnal cycle and usually develops over particular geographic regions and during specific time intervals. The lesson describes satellite-derived cloud climatology products and several global instability indices, all of which can be integrated with other products to forecast convection. Although the lesson uses examples of climatology products from specific months, it makes the full ...
Introduction to the NWS National Blend of Global Models
The National Blend of Global Models was developed to utilize the best available science and provide a consistent National Weather Service forecast product across the U.S. This lesson describes the background and motivation for the National Blend and includes comparisons of Blend forecasts with current guidance. The lesson also offers a short summary of future plans and training related to the National Blend.
Assessing NWP with Water Vapour Imagery
You've seen it happen repeatedly. Forecasters have a tough forecast ahead of them. But how are they supposed to know which model data will be the best one to help them come to a conclusion about the situation? In situations like this, the first step should always be to assess the model data against a set of current observations that should show a 1-to-1 relationship with the model output. Which variable should be plotted? On which surface? Which current observations will make the most sense to assess against? If you know the answers to some, but not all of these questions, find these answers a ...
Operational Models Encyclopedia
The availability of numerical guidance from NWP models has been an important component of operational forecasting for decades. For many, the output from this numerical guidance was produced by a mysterious “black box”. Rules for using and adjusting the guidance for operational forecasters were often subjective “Rules of Thumb” based on experience rather than based on quantitative analysis. To open up this “black box”, we produced this web-based “Operational Models Encyclopedia” linking both generic information on how NWP models work, and specifics on physical parameterizations, dynamics, and d ...
Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge
This lesson introduces forecasters to the various probabilistic guidance products used by the National Hurricane Center to forecast storm surge. It provides an overview of how these probabilistic surge products are created, their purposes, and why they are preferred to deterministic-only style guidance for specific events. The lesson also provides practice in correctly interpreting probabilistic storm surge guidance at various phases of an event. Basic familiarity with probabilistic forecast guidance is required. This online lesson is part of the Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge: Forecasting and C ...
Introduction to Meteorological Charting
This lesson provides a brief overview of surface and upper-air data and how these data are plotted on meteorological charts. The content introduces various charting and reporting techniques, including station models, contour analyses, streamlines, and upper air maps. Examples cover both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and provide learners with opportunities to practice recognizing frequently used weather symbols. Supplemental materials include three Weather Symbol Identification drills. Completing these drills may require approximately 1-1.5 hours above the length of time estim ...
Geospatial Infrastructure for Coastal Communities: Informing Adaptation to Sea Level Rise
Aimed at community planners, emergency managers, and other coastal zone decision-makers this video will explain how using geospatial information already available through NOAA, combined with strategic local investments in infrastructure can provide communities with the data needed to confidently plan for future sea-level changes. This resource is hosted on COMET's YouTube Channel.
Tropical Cyclone Forecast Uncertainty
This lesson introduces learners to the uncertainty and errors in forecasting the track, timing, and intensity of tropical cyclones. It provides an overview of how the National Hurricane Center’s cone of uncertainty is constructed, as well as its uses and common misconceptions. Learners will explore the influences of track, timing, and intensity forecast errors on potential tropical cyclones impacts. The lesson offers suggestions on how to communicate tropical cyclone forecasts knowing their inherent uncertainty. This online lesson is part of the Tropical Cyclone Storm Winds: Forecasting and Co ...
Using Scatterometer Wind and Altimeter Wave Estimates in Marine Forecasting
Scatterometers and altimeters provide a variety of space-based observations that are useful for marine analysis and forecasting as well as other applications. Key among the products are ocean surface winds from scatterometers and significant wave heights from altimeters. This lesson describes the basics of scatterometers and altimeters, including how they work, what they measure, and how scatterometer winds and altimeter significant wave heights are derived. It then discusses some of the challenges in using the estimates, such as dealing with ambiguities and rain contamination. The lesson also ...
WMO Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool (OSCAR)/Space
OSCAR/Space, the “satellite” component of the WMO OSCAR resource, contains updated quality-controlled information on past, present and future satellite missions, instruments and related characteristics, covering a period from 1960 up to 2050, which adds up to 500+ satellites and 800+ instruments dedicated to Earth Observation and Space Weather. In addition, OSCAR/Space provides expert assessments of the applicability of the various instruments for particular measurements. This resource can be used as a reference for studies, as a gap analysis tool, as support for planning, and for educational ...
NWP Essentials: NWP and Forecasting
This lesson introduces forecasters to the complex and multifaceted process for creating a forecast. It also discusses how NWP fits into that process. In addition, the lesson provides a broad overview of the basic components of NWP and how they combine to produce a model forecast.
Storm Surge and Datums
This lesson introduces forecasters to the orthometric and tidal datums used to describe tropical cyclone storm surge measurements and forecasts. It provides a general overview of how to interpret storm surge forecasts using various vertical datums. This online lesson is part of the Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge: Forecasting and Communication course.
Marine Weather Services Incident Response and Decision Support
Marine Weather Services Incident Response and Decision Support provides guidance for forecasters tasked with supporting oil or chemical spills and other marine-focused incidents. The lesson follows an example spill event to help demonstrate marine forecasters' responsibilities for coordinating with emergency managers, other NOAA line offices, and governmental agencies and outlines best practices related to effective communication.
NWP Essentials: Structure and Dynamics
This lesson is focused on how a model forecast and the interpretation of that forecast, is affected by the basic design of the model. Topics include how meteorological variables are represented in grid point and spectral models, fundamental differences between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic models, horizontal resolution of orographic and free-atmosphere features, vertical coordinate systems and how they affect the vertical resolution of features in the model forecast.
Enroute Icing
Aircraft icing has resulted in numerous accidents, some fatal. The problem is due, in part, to a lack of awareness on the part of aviation forecasters (and others) that icing is imminent. The lesson addresses this issue by presenting a process for forecasting enroute icing for aviation and applying it to a case over the Continental U.S. The process involves gaining situational awareness of potential icing areas and making a first forecast of their locations and flight levels; comparing the first forecast to NWP forecasts; and adjusting as needed. To reach a wide audience and stay current, the ...
Determining the Onset and Risk of Tropical Cyclone Winds
This lesson introduces forecasters to the probabilistic guidance products used by the National Hurricane Center to assess tropical cyclone wind threats. It provides an overview of how these probabilistic wind speed products are created, their purposes, and how to interpret them. The lesson also provides practice in determining the total risk and timing for location-specific peak wind events. This online lesson is part of the Tropical Cyclone Storm Winds: Forecasting and Communication course.
Gridded Products in the NWS National Blend of Global Models
This lesson introduces users to the five different guidance products that will be included in Version 1.0 of the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) National Blend of global Models (NBM). The primary audience for this lesson includes forecasters and users of NWS forecast products; some prior knowledge of numerical weather prediction is useful. Learners will explore how model guidance from the Global Forecast System, Global Ensemble Forecast System, Canadian Meteorological Centre Ensemble, Ensemble Kernel Density Model Output Statistics (MOS) and gridded GFS MOS is produced. The strengths and l ...
Microwave Remote Sensing: Land and Ocean Surface Applications, 2nd Edition
This lesson introduces the concepts and principles basic to retrieving important land and ocean surface properties using microwave remote sensing observations from polar-orbiting satellites. Section one reviews the advantages of microwave remote sensing from polar-orbiting platforms and briefly highlights some of the unique spectral characteristics that allow for differentiation between various surface types and properties. Subsequent sections present a more in-depth look at the derivation and application of microwave products that quantify four different land and ocean surface properties and ...
Introduction to Climatology for the Tropical Pacific Islands
This lesson provides information on climatology—what it is, the factors that create an area's climate, and the sources and uses of climate information. Focused specifically on tropical Pacific islands, the content covers the key features influencing climate in that region and includes examples for four locations distributed across the tropical Pacific Ocean, both north and south of the equator. The lesson provides a basic introduction to tropical climatology intended for a wide range of users, from meteorology technicians, forecasters, and scientists, to those in industries or sectors influenc ...
Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI): What’s Different from the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
This brief lesson provides an overview of the AHI on Himawari and highlights its differences from the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). It discusses AHI’s improved capabilities in spectral coverage, spatial resolution, and imaging interval over the MTSAT-2 imager; the differences in spectral coverage and scan strategy between AHI and ABI and the impact on products; and how AHI data and products benefit forecasters in Alaska, Pacific Region, and CONUS. Note that the lesson complements COMET’s GOES-R ABI lesson, which should be taken before going through this lesson.
Two Right Feet? Understanding the Difference Between U.S. Survey Feet and International Survey Feet
This video explains the difference between the U.S. survey foot (sFT) and the international survey foot (iFT) and the importance of this distinction when working with map projections. It will be helpful to surveyors, planners and anyone who needs to convert map coordinates from meters to feet. This resource is hosted on COMET's YouTube Channel.
Forecasting Heavy Rains and Landslides in Eastern Africa
Good rainfall draws many people to settle across the eastern Africa highlands for farming and other businesses. However, factors such as steep terrain, logging, livestock grazing, agriculture, and construction, have increased erosion and contributed to less stable slopes. These factors can lead to devastating landslides and mudslides, especially during episodes of very heavy rain. Forecasting and monitoring heavy rainfall is challenging, especially in mountainous regions that have few surface observations. This make satellite data critical for meteorologists and hydrologists forecasting for th ...
NCAR Climate Data Guide
The Climate Data Guide provides concise and reliable information on the strengths and limitations of the key observational data sets, tools and methods used to evaluate Earth system models and to understand the climate system. Citable expert commentaries are authored by experienced data users and developers, enabling scientists to multiply the impacts of their work and the diverse user community to access and understand the essential data. This resource is made available courtesy of NCAR's Climate and Global Dynamics Division and is not produced, owned or hosted by UCAR/COMET.
Principles of Celestial Navigation
This lesson provides a basic introduction to celestial navigation for navigators, sailors, and others interested in the topic. It begins with the relationship between celestial coordinates and Earth coordinates and examines key celestial navigation parameters—geographic position, sextant altitude, observed altitude, azimuth, and computed altitude—that can be used to identify to a ship's position. A U.S. Navy navigator demonstrates the main celestial sights performed over the course of a day, including the morning three-star fix, morning Sun line, Local Apparent Noon Sun line, afternoon Sun lin ...
Understanding Heights and Vertical Datums
Aimed at scientists, engineers, modelers and other technical users of GIS/mapping applications, this lesson provides a basic understanding of different vertical datums, how they are defined, some of their strengths and weaknesses and how to choose the appropriate datum for a given application. The lesson starts with basic definitions of height and vertical datums and guidance on choosing and working with the appropriate datum for a given situation. It then provides a conceptual introduction to ellipsoidal, geopotential and tidal datums including appropriate uses, examples and pros and cons.
Extreme High Swell Events on the Moroccan Atlantic Coast
High swell events can develop far from the coast under cyclonic conditions, and take several days to travel to land. If early warnings are not issued, they can take an area by surprise and have a devastating impact. This lesson aims to improve the ability of marine forecasters to forecast extreme marine events related to high swells. It does so by providing background information on winds and waves, and presenting a process for monitoring and forecasting high swell events using a variety of data. These include ASCAT scatterometer wind data and the ECMWF Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) product, wh ...
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition: Chapter 6 Vertical Transport
This chapter examines vertical transport of heat, moisture, momentum, trace gases, and aerosols, including the role of tropical deep convection and turbulence. Diurnal and seasonal variations in surface fluxes and boundary layer depth are examined. The boundary layer is compared over the ocean, humid, and dry tropics, including its role in dispersing chemicals and aerosols. Boundary layer clouds are examined in terms of their connection to sub-cloud layer properties. Comparisons are made between heat and moisture transport under a variety of convective modes such as mesoscale convective system ...
Introduction to Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge
This lesson introduces forecasters to the physical processes and impacts of tropical cyclone storm surge. It provides an overview of the factors that affect storm surge, how it is measured, and the limitations associated with storm surge data. This online lesson is part of the Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge: Forecasting and Communication course.
Introduction to Geodesy and Mapping
This lesson covers the topics of geodesy, datums, map projections, and map coordinate systems. Geodesy addresses the shape of the earth: the topographic surface, geoid, and best-fit ellipsoid. Datums addresses the position and orientation or the best-fit ellipsoid and the resulting coordinates. Map projections addresses the different ways to project an ellipsoidal datum onto a flat surface. Each projection has unique properties and each has pros and cons. Coordinate systems addresses the different ways that a rectangular coordinate system can be superposed on latitude-longitude graticule.
Using ASCAT Wind and Other Data in Marine Forecasting
This case study lesson demonstrates the use of scatterometer wind and, to a lesser extent, altimeter significant wave height products in marine forecasting. A brief introduction to cold fronts and their impact on weather and sea state conditions sets the stage for the main part of the lesson, the case study. The case follows the passage of a cold front over the South Atlantic Ocean on 23 and 24 November 2013 when the Polarstern research vessel was transiting the area. Learners use ASCAT wind and Jason significant wave height data to help determine current conditions and evaluate GFS and WAVEWA ...
WMO Satellite User Readiness Navigator (SATURN)
The SATURN (SATellite User Readiness Navigator) developed jointly by WMO and meteorological satellite operators provides unified access to information that helps users to prepare for the new generation of meteorological satellites to be launched in the 2015-2020 timeframe. Next-generation geostationary satellites are being launched by JMA, NOAA, CMA, KMA, ROSHYDROMET and EUMETSAT, with unprecedented capabilities for severe weather monitoring, nowcasting and short range forecasting, and for a number of other application areas. However, the new systems also pose unprecedented challenges to users ...
NWP Essentials: Model Physics
This lesson describes model parameterizations of surface, PBL, and free atmospheric processes. It specifically addresses how models treat these processes, how such processes can potentially interact with each other, and how they can influence forecasts of sensible weather elements. Topics covered include: soil moisture processes, radiative processes involving clouds, and turbulent processes in the PBL and free atmosphere.
Ship-based Sea and Lake Ice Observing
Ships operating in areas with ice are expected to report conditions as part of standard weather reporting procedures. This lesson is aimed at those tasked with this responsibility, be they official or informal observers. The lesson begins with background information on ice, addressing such topics as where it is found, how it develops, and how to observe and report it. This sets the stage for the lesson’s scenarios, which simulate the experience of being an ice observer in four situations: on the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy operating in the Arctic Ocean, on a container ship transiting the Nor ...
NWP Essentials: Precipitation and Clouds
Both the processes of convection and of rainfall formation are typically subgrid scale, and require parameterisation. This lesson examines two types of precipitation parameterisation used by models: Convective parameterisation Microphysics The lesson also discusses how to identify when these parameterisations are not performing well and steps to address the issues that arise.
HYSPLIT Applications for Emergency Decision Support, 2nd Edition
This module helps forecasters provide decision support services during hazardous materials emergencies. Topics covered include: Types of weather data inputs required for short-range dispersion models typically used by emergency managers Types of inputs required to run the web version of the HYSPLIT model with the ALOHA source term, which is now available to NWS forecasters The types and scales of events that are appropriate and inappropriate for modeling by HYSPLIT Key uncertainties that can cause misleading dispersion model forecasts The processes and limitations of CAMEO/ALOHA and HYSPLIT Ho ...
Overview of Watershed and Channel Sedimentation
This lesson provides an overview of the primary influences of watershed and channel sedimentation. In a short narrated portion of the lesson, we explore a section of the Rio Grande watershed and channel in New Mexico using Google Earth imagery, river profiles, and graphic animations. We highlight features of the upland catchments, the river channel, and the Elephant Butte Reservoir. We then demonstrate how environmental factors (climate, geography, land use changes, reservoirs) impact the supply and movement of sediments for the Rio Grande and other rivers. The focus is on the three primary pr ...
Use of Probabilistic Surge Guidance in Local Storm Surge Forecasting
This lesson introduces forecasters to the probabilistic storm surge guidance used by the National Weather Service to assess local surge threats and impacts. It will provide practice in determining the chance that critical surge thresholds may be reached or exceeded and when this is most likely to occur. Developing an appropriate message for decision-makers and the public that includes potential surge values, threats, and impacts information is also explored. We strongly recommend reviewing the “Introduction to Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge”, “Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge”, and “Stor ...
NWP Essentials: Data Assimilation
This lesson introduces the processes of model data assimilation. It also discusses the impacts of errors in the data assimilation on model forecasts and how a human forecaster can compensate for them.
Flood Management Tool Series, Technical Document, 23. Health and Sanitation Aspects of Flood Management
Flood events are known for their profound capacity to positively or negatively affect humans. Floods improve overall human well-being by providing services such as groundwater recharge, surface-water replenishment, soil-fertility enhancement and a general increase in the value of social–ecological systems. Equally, however, flood events pose a series of diverse health threats, ranging from contaminated water sources to decreased agricultural productivity, especially when communities are vulnerable and lack the capacity to effectively respond to, and recover from, the adverse effects of floods. ...
Flood Management Tool Series, Technical Document, 22. The role of the media in flood management
Communication is the imparting or exchange of information between individuals or groups through a common system of symbols, signs or behaviour (Merriam-Webster, 2013a; Oxford Dictionaries, 2013). In recent decades, different conceptual models have been developed to explain the process of human communication. One of the best representations of the flow of information in flood communication is the Interactional Communication Model proposed by Schramm (Schramm, 1954).
Flood Management Tool Series, Technical Document, 21. Effectiveness of flood management measures
It is not enough to assert—to an elected official, a regulator, a donor organization or the taxpayer—that one’s organization is doing an effective job of flood management. One also has to be able to provide a credible answer to the question: “How do you know?” 2 There is a multiplicity of flood management activities that can be pursued by a plethora of government jurisdictions, government agencies, NGOs, private and volunteer groups— independently, in cooperation, in competition. These activities may include: constructing flood prevention infrastructure; rebuilding houses, buildings and infras ...
WMO Strategic Plan 2016-2019
This Strategic Plan for 2016–2019 reflects the decisions and directions of the Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress, held in Geneva from 25 May to 12 June 2015. It sets the directions and priorities to guide the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to enable all Members to improve their information, products and services. It anticipates increased demand for high-quality weather, hydrological and climate services to enhance community resilience, contribute to economic growth and protect life and property from extreme weather, climate and water events.
World Hydrological Cycle Observing System Guidelines
WHYCOS is a global concept, comprising a number of independent regional or basin-wide Hydrological Cycle Observing System (HYCOS) components. At the local level within a country, HYCOS brings together various agencies to work on delivering enhanced data and information products, such as the production and delivery of flood forecasts and warnings. An important complementary activity is the building of closer ties to communities and groups whose primary mandate benefits from access to the enhanced data, products and services, thereby achieving increased positive societal impacts. This contribute ...
Satellites for Climate Services: case studies for establishing an architecture for climate monitoring from space
The report describes case studies that demonstrate the direct or indirect value of Earth observation satellites for climate services.
Metaguidelines for water and climate change: for practitioners in Asia and the Pacific
Asia-Pacific Water Forum (APWF) ; Asian Development Bank (ADB); Global Water Partnership (GWP) - 2015This document identifies five key principles and corresponding actions to address climate change impacts on water and land resources in the region, focusing on what to do and why it should be done. These are: Usable knowledge; No regret investment; Resilience; Mitigation and adaptation; Financing. It addresses how the recommended actions can be implemented, with a focus on practical solutions illustrated by case studies from Asia and the Pacific.
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High mountain adaptation partnership: lessons learned in Nepal and Peru
This report details the lessons learned during the implementation of the High Mountains Adaptation Partnership (HiMAP)(www.highmountains.org) project between March 2012 and June 2015. Located under the broader USAID Climate Change Resilient Development (CCRD) project, the goal of the HiMAP is to strengthen the climate change adaptation capacities of people who live in, or are dependent on, high mountain glacial watersheds and the ecosystem services which they provide. The document is intended to be a resource for USAID Missions, donors, practitioners, and NGOs interested in learning more about ...
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Climate resilient infrastructure services: lessons learned
The Climate Resilient Infrastructure Services (CRIS) program was an initiative of USAID’s Climate Change Resilient Development (CCRD) project. CRIS worked to improve the ability of cities in developing countries to provide reliable and sustainable infrastructure services that support smart and lasting development, even in a changing climate. For two-and-a-half years the CRIS program worked with cities to develop, test, and implement approaches to improve the climate resilience of infrastructure services. These services—which include transportation, water, sanitation and waste management, energ ...
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Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction : success or warning sign for Paris?
This report reviews and discusses the agreed commitments and targets, as well as the negotiation leading to the Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR).
It discusses briefly its implication for the later UN-led negotiations on sustainable development goals and climate change, including the Conference of Parties taking place in Paris, France at the end of 2015.
SFDRR was adopted by UN Member States in March 2015 and was the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda, with seven targets and four priorities for action: 1) Understanding disaste ...
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Can green growth really work and what are the true (socio-) economics of climate change?
Hoffmann Ulrich - United Nations, 2015This paper argues that growth, technological, population-expansion and governance constraints as well as some key systemic issues cast doubt ‘green growth’ hopes.
It argues that such an evolutionary (and often reductionist) approach may well not be sufficient to cope with the complexities of climate change. It may rather give much false hope and excuses to do nothing really fundamental that should bring about a turn around on global GHG emissions.
The paper argues that climate change calls into question the global equality of opportunity for prosperity and is thus ...
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Application of behavioral theories to disaster and emergency health preparedness: a systematic review. In PLOS Currents Disasters. 2015 Jul 1, Edition 1
The major objectives of this systematic review are to: (i) identify which behavioral theories have been applied to disasters and emergency health preparedness and investigate why these theories were preferred over others; (ii) assess as to which theories have been applied with regard to specific natural and man-made disasters and emergencies preparedness; (iii) examine the most common theories and models applied in different regions of the world pertaining to various natural and man-made disasters and emergency preparedness; and (iv) investigate and analyze the methods of analysis used for eac ...
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The Antalya report : Disaster risk reduction in a changing climate - lessons learned about lessons learned
The report documents the Disaster Risk Reduction Expert Forum 2015: which took place in February 2015 in Antalya, Turkey. The Forum was convened to discuss and share lessons learned about lessons learned about hydro-meteorological disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
Seamless prediction of the Earth system : from minutes to months
This book collects together White Papers that have been written to describe the state of the science and to discuss the major challenges for making further advances. The authors of each chapter have attempted to draw together key aspects of the science that was presented at WWOSC-2014. The overarching theme of this book and of WWOSC-2014 is “Seamless Prediction of the Earth System: from minutes to months”. The book is structured with chapters that address topics regarding: Observations and Data Assimilation; Predictability and Processes; Numerical Prediction of the Earth System; Weather-relate ...
Protected areas as tools for disaster risk reduction : a handbook for practitioners
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ; Ministry of the Environment, Japan - gov - IUCN, 2015This handbook explains what protected areas can and cannot contribute to DRR strategies. In this handbook protected areas are explained as a buffer against coastal erosion and flood risks, which provide ecosystem goods and services on which people rely for their livelihood.
The handbook describes how protected areas can be integrated into national DRR strategies to the mutual advantage of both and it looks at how to combine natural and engineering solutions in DRR.
The main text is supplemented by case studies drawing on the experience of the Ministry of Environme ...
WMO Guidelines on Multi-hazard Impact-based Forecast and Warning Services
Improving the understanding of the potential impacts of severe hydrometeorological events poses a challenge to NMHSs and their partner agencies, particularly disaster reduction and civil protection agencies (DRCPAs). These Guidelines establish a road map that identifies the various milestones from weather forecasts and warnings to multi-hazard impact-based forecast and warning services.
For completeness, these Guidelines also describe the ultimate step of forecasting actual impacts, although it is recognized that this is a highly sophisticated exercise, requiring strong collaboration w ...
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Overview of natural disasters and their impacts in Asia and the Pacific, 1970 - 2014
The paper provides a review of natural disasters and their impacts in Asia and the Pacific by disaster type, sub region and level of development. The first section looks at the occurrence of natural disaster events. This is followed by an analysis of fatalities and economic loss in sections two and three respectively. The short-term consequences of natural disasters on the economy are also mentioned. The final section briefly discusses aspects regarding exposure and vulnerability of countries in Asia and the Pacific.
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Community resilience framework : lessons from the field
Swiss NGO DRR Platform, 2015The report presents the main findings from case studies about resilience assessments that were carried out in five countries through workshops: El Salvador, Bolivia, Haiti, Palestine, and Cambodia. It capitalizes on local knowledge and experience and provides important insights not only on how those most at risk build resilience, but also on how they struggle to overcome the barriers that are imposed on them by their natural, socio-political and economic environments. It highlights the range of expertise and commitment for promoting resilience through disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate ...
Implementing the European Regional Framework for Action to protect health from climate change : a status report
This report provides a snapshot of the implementation status of measures to protect health from climate change in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region by the end of 2012. It describes and summarizes the answers to a survey across the countries.
Water and Climate Change Adaptation in Transboundary Basins : Lessons Learned Lessons Learned and Good Practices and Good Practices
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE); International Network of Basin Organizations - United Nations, 2015The APFM has given its contribution to the new publication by UNECE on “Water and Climate Change Adaptation in Transboundary Basins: Lessons Learned and Good Practices”. Launched at the 7th World Water Forum 2015 in Daegu & Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, it follows-up and complements the Guidance on Water and Adaptation to Climate Change.
Water for a sustainable world: the UN world water development report 2015
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); UN Water - United Nations, 2015The report elaborates upon the future of water towards 2050 by describing how water supports healthy and prosperous human communities, including through measures that reduce vulnerability and improve resilience to water-related disasters such as flood and drought management approaches, maintains well-functioning ecosystems and ecological services, and provides a cornerstone for short and long-term economic development.
It provides an overview of the challenges, issues and trends in terms of water resources, their use and water-related services like water supply and sanitation, a ...
Guide sur l’application de normes d’enseignement et de formation professionnelle en météorologie et en hydrologie, volume I – Météorologie
Le Guide a pour objet de favoriser une interprétation commune des aptitudes de base exigées de celles et ceux qui veulent être reconnus comme météorologistes ou techniciens en météorologie selon la définition de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM), tout en aidant les Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (SMHN) à concevoir des systèmes de classification du personnel ainsi que des programmes de formation professionnelle qui satisfassent aux normes internationales.
Guide to the Implementation of Education and Training Standards in Meteorology and Hydrology, volume I – Meteorology
The purpose of this publication is to facilitate a common understanding of the basic qualifications required of individuals who are to be recognized either as Meteorologists or as Meteorological Technicians, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), while assisting National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in establishing their respective personnel classification systems and training programmes to satisfactorily meet international standards.
Reference Guide for Permanent Representatives of Members with the World Meteorological Organization on Relevant Procedures and Practices of the Organization
This Guide explains the World Meteorological Organization procedures and practices, and is designed to serve as a ready reference for Permanent Representatives of Members with WMO, and for the senior staff of NMHSs, especially those dealing with international affairs.
دليل مرجعي للممثلين الدائمين للأعضاء لدى المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية بشأن الإجراءات والممارسات المعمول بها في المنظمة
ومن المأمول أن يساعد هذا الدليل في تحسين فهم القرّاء للإجراءات والممارسات المعمول بها في المنظمة، على كل من المستوى الوطني )NMHSs( من أجل تعزيز المرافق الوطنية للأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا والعلاقات بين هذه المرافق )NMHSs( والإقليمي والدولي، وتوطيد العلاقات فيما بين المرافق الوطنية وتعزيز صورة المرافق ومكانتها. وقد أدرجت فيه، كلما كان ذلك ملائماً ومفيداً، إشارات ،)WMO( والمنظمة ولائحتها العامة وإلى مقررات المؤتمر والمجلس )WMO( إلى الأحكام ذات الصلة في اتفاقية المنظمة التنفيذي ذات الصلة.
Справочное руководство для постоянных представителей Членов при Всемирной метеорологической организации по соответствующим процедурам и практикам Организации
Хотелось бы надеяться, что настоящее Руководство поможет читателям получить более обширное представление о процедурах и практиках ВМО, с тем чтобы способствовать популяризации НМГС на национальном, региональном и международном уровнях, укреплению взаимоотношений между НМГС и между НМГС и ВМО, а также повышению их имиджа и общественного восприятия. В публикацию включены, где это было сочтено целесообразным и полезным, ссылки на соответствующие положения Конвенции ВМО, Общего регламента ВМО, а также соответствующие решения Конгресса и Исполнительного совета.
Guía para la participación en la coordinación de frecuencias radioeléctricas
La presente Guía proporciona una descripción general de los principales procesos de la UIT relativos a la coordinación de frecuencias radioeléctricas, la estructura regional y el marco reglamentario que rige la utilización del espectro de frecuencias radioeléctricas a nivel mundial2, y ofrece directrices para la gestión del espectro de frecuencias radioeléctricas a nivel nacional, así como de las órbitas de satélite. En la publicación conjunta de la OMM y la UIT, Utilización del espectro radioeléctrico en meteorología: Observación y predicción del clima, de los fenómenos meteorológicos y de lo ...
参与无线电频率协调指南
本指南总体阐述了ITU有关无线电频率协调、区域结构和全球管理无线电频谱使用 的监管框架2的主要过程，并指导国家对无线电频谱的管理及卫星轨道的管理。对气象及相 关活动至关重要的无线电频率的更详尽信息可参阅WMO/ITU联合出版物《气象无线电频谱 的使用：天气、水和气候监测及预测》3。
دليل المشاركة في تنسيق الترددات الراديوية
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2015 (طبعة 2015; مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1159)ويقدم الدليل عرضاً عاماً لعمليات الاتحاد الدولي ) ITU ( الرئيسية المتعلقة بتنسيق الترددات الراديوية، والهيكل الإقليمي والإطار التنظيمي الذي ينظّم استخدام طيف الترددات الراديوية على المستوى العالمي 2 ويُوجّه العملية الوطنية لإدارة طيف الترددات الراديوية، فضلاً عن إدارة المدارات الساتلية. ويتوفر المزيد من المعلومات المفصلة عن الترددات التي تعتبر مهمة للأرصاد الجوية والأنشطة المرتبطة بها في المطبوع المشترك بين المنظمة ) WMO ( والاتحاد الدولي ) ITU ( المعنون “استخدام الطيف الراديوي للأرصاد الجوية: الطقس والماء ومراقبة المناخ والتنبؤ به”.
Руководство по участию в координации радиочастот
Настоящее Руководство содержит общее описание основных процессов МСЭ, касающихся координации радиочастот, региональной структуры и нормативной базы, которые регулируют использование радиочастотного спектра на глобальном уровне2 и служат ориентиром для национального управления использованием радиочастотного спектра, а также спутниковых орбит. Более подробная информация о том, какие частоты важны для метеорологической и связанной с ней деятельности, содержится в совместной публикации ВМО/МСЭ Использование радиочастотного спектра в метеорологии: мониторинг и прогнозирование погоды, воды и климата ...
Guide sur la participation à la coordination des fréquences radioélectriques
Ce guide décrit de manière générale les procédures suivies par l’UIT pour assurer la coordination des fréquences radioélectriques, la structure régionale en place et le cadre réglementaire qui régit l’utilisation du spectre dans le monde2 et oriente la gestion des fréquences radioélectriques et des orbites de satellites à l’échelon national. Les fréquences qui sont importantes pour la météorologie et les activités connexes sont analysées plus en détail dans le manuel OMM/UIT intitulé Utilisation du spectre radioélectrique pour la météorologie: surveillance et prévisions concernant le climat, l ...
Directives de l’OMM sur les services de prévision et d’alerte multidanger axées sur les impacts
Mieux comprendre les incidences potentielles des phenomenes hydrometeorologiques violents represente un defi pour les SMHN et leurs partenaires, notamment les organismes de protection civile et de prevention des catastrophes. A cette fin, les presentes directives repertorient les diverses etapes a suivre, depuis l’elaboration de previsions et d’alertes meteorologiques jusqu’a la prestation de services de prevision et d’alerte multidanger axees sur les impacts.
المبادئ التوجيهية للمنظمة (WMO) بشأن خدمات التنبؤ والإنذار بالأخطار المتعددة على أساس الآثار مطبوع
وتحسين فهم الآثار التي يمكن أن تترتب على الظواهر الجوية الهيدرولوجية الخطيرة يمثل تحدياً للمرافق الوطنية ) NMHSs ( والوكالات الشريكة، لاسيما وكالات الحد من مخاطر الكوارث والحماية المدنية ) )DRCPAs وتشكل هذه المبادئ التوجيهية خارطة طريق تحدد النقاط البارزة المختلفة بدءاً بخدمات التنبؤ والإنذار بالطقس ووصولاً إلى خدمات التنبؤ والإنذار بالمخاطر المتعددة على أساس الآثار. وحتى تكون هذه المبادئ التوجيهية كاملة، فإنها تعرض أيضاً الخطوة الأخيرة المتمثلة في التنبؤ بالآثار الفعلية، وإن كان من المعروف أنها عملية متطورة جداً تتطلب تعاوناً وثيقاً مع الوكالات الشريكة وبحوثاً هامة في مسائل التعرض لتلك الآثار ...
WMO基于影响的 多灾种预报和预警服务 指导原则
提高对水文-气象灾害事件潜在影响的认识会给NMHS及其伙伴机构，特别是减灾和民 防机构（DRCPA）带来挑战。本指导原则可制定路线图，用以确定从天气预报和预警到多 灾种基于影响预报和预警服务的各项进度。 为了保证完整性，本指导原则还阐明了实际影响的最终预报步骤，尽管认识到这是一 个极为复杂的工作，不仅需要与伙伴机构开展强有力的合作，还要大力开展暴露度和脆弱 性研究。对于许多WMO会员而言，这一步骤并不是NMHS的职责，而是相关DRCPA和其 他伙伴的职责。
Руководящие указания ВМО по обслуживанию прогнозами и предупреждениями о многих опасных явлениях с учетом их возможных последствий
Улучшение понимания потенциальных последствий суровых гидрометеорологических явлений является сложной задачей для НМГС и являющихся их партнерами учреждений, в частности учреждений, занимающихся вопросами уменьшения опасности бедствий и гражданской обороны (УУОБГO). Настоящие Руководящие указания устанавливают «дорожную карту», в которой определяются различные этапы перехода от обслуживания прогнозами погоды и предупреждениями к обслуживанию прогнозами многих опасных явлений и предупреждениями о них с учетом возможных последствий. Для полноты картины в данных Руководящих указаниях также описыв ...
Directrices de la OMM sobre servicios de predicción y aviso multirriesgos que tienen en cuenta los impactos
La mejora de la comprension de los posibles impactos de los fenomenos hidrometeorologicos extremos es un reto para los SMHN y sus organismos asociados, en particular los organismos para la reduccion de desastres y proteccion civil. Estas Directrices establecen un programa en el que se identifican los distintos hitos desde la prediccion y los avisos meteorologicos hasta los servicios de prediccion y aviso multirriesgos que tienen en cuenta los impactos. En aras de la integridad, estas Directrices tambien describen el ultimo paso de la prediccion de los impactos reales, aunque se reconoce que es ...
关于世界气象组织有关程序和规则的常任代表参考指南
本章概要地介绍了世界气象组织（以下简称WMO或本组织）的性质及其职能。其目的是帮助本组织会员的常任代表更好地了解WMO和常任代表的职责。
WMO战略计划 2016–2019
本2016-2019年战略计划反映了2015年5月25至6 月12日在日内瓦召开的第十七次世界气象大会 的决定及其确定的方向。它所设定的方向和优 先重点将指导世界气象组织（WMO）的活动，使 全体会员有能力提供更好的信息、产品和服务。 它所期许的是高品质的天气、水文和气候服务， 从而提升社区的抗灾能力、协助促进经济增长 并保护生命和财产免受极端天气、气候和水事 件的影响。
Plan estratégico de la OMM para 2016-2019
El presente Plan Estratégico para 2016-2019 refleja las decisiones del Decimoséptimo Congreso Meteorológico Mundial, celebrado en Ginebra del 25 de mayo al 12 de junio de 2015 y las orientaciones que este ha marcado para la Organización. En él se definen las directrices y prioridades para orientar las actividades de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) a fin de ayudar a todos los Miembros a mejorar su información, productos y servicios. También se prevé una mayor demanda de servicios meteorológicos, hidrológicos y climáticos de gran calidad para aumentar la resistencia de las comunidade ...
Plan stratégique de l'OMM 2016-2019
Reflétant les décisions du Dix-septième Congrès météorologique mondial (Genève, 25 mai–
12 juin 2015), le Plan stratégique pour la période 2016–2019 fixe les grandes lignes et les priorités qui orienteront les activités de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) afin de permettre à tous les Membres d’améliorer les informations, produits et services qu’ils fournissent. Il anticipe une augmentation de la demande de services météorologiques, hydrologiques et climatologiques de qualité, propres à renforcer la capacité d’adaptation de la société, à contribuer à la croissance économique ...
دلیل تنفیذ معاییر التعلیم والتدریب في مجالي الأرصاد الجویة والھیدرولوجیا: المجلد الأول – الأرصاد الجویة
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2015 (طبعة 2015; مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1083)الهدف من هذا المطبوع هو تيسير التوصل إلى فهم مشترك للمؤهلات الأساسية اللازمة للأفراد المعترف بهم كأخصائيي أرصاد جوية أو فنيي أرصاد جوية، حسب تعريف المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية ) WMO (، وأيضاً مساعدة المرافق الوطنية للأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا ) NMHSs ( على إنشاء نظم لتصنيف العاملين، وكذلك إنشاء برامجها التدريبية للوفاء بالمعايير الدولية على نحو مرضٍ.
2019–2016 (WMO) الخطة الإستراتيجية للمنظمة
تعكس هذه الخطة الإستراتيجية للفترة 2016 - 2019 قرارات وتوجهات المؤتمر العالمي السابع عشر للأرصاد الجوية الذي عُقد في جنيف، 25 أيار/مايو- 12 حزيران/ يونيو 2015 . وتضع الخطة الإستراتيجية توجهات وأولويات لكي تسترشد بها المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية WMO في تنفيذ نشاطاتها، لتمكين جميع ( ) الأعضاء من تحسين معلوماتهم ونواتجهم وخدماتهم. وتحتسب الخطة الإستراتيجية أن يتزايد الطلب على الخدمات ذات الجودة العالية فيما يتعلق بالطقس والماء والمناخ، من أجل تعزيز قدرة المجتمعات المحلية على المقاومة، والاسهام في النمو الاقتصادي وحماية الأرواح والممتلكات من الظواهر المتطرفة المتصلة بالطقس والمناخ والماء.
Prévoir l'évolution du système terrestre de la minute au mois
La publication rassemble des «livres blancs» qui présentent l’état d’avancement de la météorologie et les grands défis à relever pour progresser encore. Dans chaque chapitre, les auteurs ont cherché à récapituler des éléments fondamentaux présentés à la Conférence. Le thème directeur de l’ouvrage comme de la Conférence est le «continuum de prévision du système terrestre de quelques minutes à plusieurs mois». La publication s’organise en chapitres portant notamment sur les observations et l’assimilation des données, la prévisibilité et les différents processus, la prévision numérique du système ...
La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema tierra : de minutos a meses
El presente libro reúne documentos informativos elaborados para describir la situación actual de la ciencia y debatir los principales desafíos para seguir avanzando. Los autores de cada capítulo han tratado de recopilar los aspectos científicos clave presentados en la primera Conferencia científica abierta sobre meteorología mundial. El tema principal del presente libro y la Conferencia es “La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema Tierra: de minutos a meses”. El libro está estructurado en varios capítulos que abordan temas relacionados con las observaciones y la asimilación de datos, la pr ...
Guía de referencia para los representantes permanentes de los miembros ante la organización meteorológica mundial sobre los procedimientos y las prácticas de la organización
Se espera que esta Guía ayude a los lectores a conocer mejor los procedimientos y las prácticas de la OMM a fin de promover a los SMHN en los planos nacional, regional e internacional, intensificar las relaciones de los SMHN entre ellos y con la OMM, y realzar su imagen y notoriedad. Siempre que se ha considerado útil y conveniente se han incluido referencias a las disposiciones pertinentes del Convenio de la OMM, el Reglamento General de la OMM y las decisiones pertinentes del Congreso y del Consejo Ejecutivo.
Guide sur les procédures et pratiques de l'organisation météorologique mondiale destiné aux représentants permanents des membres de l’organisation
Ce guide devrait permettre au lecteur de mieux comprendre les procédures et les pratiques de l'OMM, afin de promouvoir les Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux au niveau national, régional et international, de renforcer les relations entre les SMHN et l'OMM et de faire valoir leur statut et leur réputation. Il comporte, chaque fois que cela a été estimé utile, des références aux dispositions pertinentes de la Convention et du Règlement général de l'OMM, ainsi qu'aux décisions appropriées du Congrès et du Conseil exécutif.
Стратегический план ВМО на 2016–2019 гг.
Настоящий Стратегический план на 2016–2019 гг. отражает решения и директивы Семнадцатого Всемирного метеорологического конгресса, проводившегося в Женеве с 25 мая по 12 июня 2015 г. Он задает направления и определяет приоритеты для руководства деятельностью Всемирной Метеорологической Организации (ВМО), с тем чтобы позволить всем странам-членам повысить качество предоставляемой ими информации, продукции и обслуживания. Он составлен с учетом ожидаемого повышения спроса на высококачественное метеороло- гическое, гидрологическое и климатическое обслуживание для повышения устойчивости сообществ, с ...
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Консорциум по проблемам климата и здоровья в Африке
Бюллетень, Том 62. BMO, 2014В настоящее время глобальное изменение климата – это реальность. Температура на поверхности Земли повы- силась более чем на 0,8 °С за последнее столетие и примерно на 0,6 °С за последние 30 лет. Это глобаль- ное изменение привело к экстремальным метеорологи- ческим явлениям, таким как наводнения, засухи и более мощные и частые штормы, которые оказывают негатив- ное влияние на здоровье уязвимых групп населения. В Африке влияние глобального потепления на здоровье человека проявляется в более высокой степени уязви- мости к болезням, переносимым через возбудителей инфекции, воздух и воду, а также ...
Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012)
The Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012) seeks to raise awareness of these and other challenges to collecting and analysing disaster risk information. It presents a worldwide analysis of extreme weather, climate and water events, drawing on the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), compiled by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). The Atlas compares the reported impacts of meteorological, climatic and hydrological extremes (as categorized by CRED) on people and economies at both global and regional levels.
La estrategia de prestación de servicios de la OMM y su plan de aplicación
Los Miembros de la OMM reconocen la importancia de proporcionar una prestación de servicios meteorológicos, climatológicos, hidrológicos y medioambientales de alta calidad. La Organización facilita la coordinación internacional, establece normas para los productos meteorológicos e hidrológicos, y proporciona orientaciones sobre la prestación de servicios. Aunque se han logrado grandes progresos en este sentido, los Miembros convinieron en que era necesario un enfoque más uniforme y estructurado de la elaboración y prestación de servicios. Como resultado, se aprobó la Estrategia de prestación d ...
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