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Vol. 369. N° 1934 - 2011 - 'Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications'
is an issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. The Royal Society, 2011
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Agriculture and food systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4°C+ world
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Thornton Philip K.; Jones Peter G.; Ericksen Polly J.; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011Agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa faces daunting challenges, which climate change and increasing climate variability will compound in vulnerable areas. The impacts of a changing climate on agricultural production in a world that warms by 4°C or more are likely to be severe in places. The livelihoods of many croppers and livestock keepers in Africa are associated with diversity of options. The changes in crop and livestock production that are likely to result in a 4°C+ world will diminish the options available to most smallholders. In such a world, current crop and livestock variet ...
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Beyond ‘dangerous’ climate change: emission scenarios for a new world
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Anderson Kevin; Bows Alice - The Royal Society, 2011The Copenhagen Accord reiterates the international community’s commitment to ‘hold the increase in global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius’. Yet its preferred focus on global emission peak dates and longer-term reduction targets, without recourse to cumulative emission budgets, belies seriously the scale and scope of mitigation necessary to meet such a commitment. Moreover, the pivotal importance of emissions from non-Annex 1 nations in shaping available space for Annex 1 emission pathways received, and continues to receive, little attention. Building on previous studies, this paper uses a ...
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Changes in the potential distribution of humid tropical forests on a warmer planet
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Zelazowski Przemyslaw; Malhi Yadvinder; Huntingford Chris; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011The future of tropical forests has become one of the iconic issues in climate-change science. A number of studies that have explored this subject have tended to focus on the output from one or a few climate models, which work at low spatial resolution, whereas society and conservation-relevant assessment of potential impacts requires a finer scale. This study focuses on the role of climate on the current and future distribution of humid tropical forests (HTFs). We first characterize their contemporary climatological niche using annual rainfall and maximum climatological water stress, which als ...
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Climate-induced population displacements in a 4°C+ world
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Gemenne François - The Royal Society, 2011Massive population displacements are now regularly presented as one of the most dramatic possible consequences of climate change. Current forecasts and projections show that regions that would be affected by such population movements are low-lying islands, coastal and deltaic regions, as well as sub-Saharan Africa. Such estimates, however, are usually based on a 2°C temperature rise. In the event of a 4°C+ warming, not only is it likely that climate-induced population movements will be more considerable, but also their patterns could be significantly different, as people might react differentl ...
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Cumulative carbon emissions, emissions floors and short-term rates of warming: implications for policy
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Bowerman Niel H.A.; Frame David J.; Huntingford Chris; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011A number of recent studies have found a strong link between peak human-induced global warming and cumulative carbon emissions from the start of the industrial revolution, while the link to emissions over shorter periods or in the years 2020 or 2050 is generally weaker. However, cumulative targets appear to conflict with the concept of a ‘floor’ in emissions caused by sectors such as food production. Here, we show that the introduction of emissions floors does not reduce the importance of cumulative emissions, but may make some warming targets unachievable. For pathways that give a most likely ...
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Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. New Mark; Liverman Diana; Schroder Heike; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011The 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change commits signatories to preventing ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system’, leaving unspecified the level of global warming that is dangerous. In the late 1990s, a limit of 2°C global warming above preindustrial temperature was proposed as a ‘guard rail’ below which most of the dangerous climate impacts could be avoided. The 2009 Copenhagen Accord recognized the scientific view ‘that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius’ despite growing views that this might be too high. At the same time, t ...
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Regional temperature and precipitation changes under high-end (≥4°C) global warming
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Sanderson M.G.; Hemming D.L.; Betts R.A. - The Royal Society, 2011Climate models vary widely in their projections of both global mean temperature rise and regional climate changes, but are there any systematic differences in regional changes associated with different levels of global climate sensitivity? This paper examines model projections of climate change over the twenty-first century from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report which used the A2 scenario from the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, assessing whether different regional responses can be seen in models categorized as ‘high-end’ (those projecting 4°C o ...
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Rethinking adaptation for a 4°C world
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Smith Mark Stafford; Horrocks Lisa; Harvey Alex; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011With weakening prospects of prompt mitigation, it is increasingly likely that the world will experience 4°C and more of global warming. In such a world, adaptation decisions that have long lead times or that have implications playing out over many decades become more uncertain and complex. Adapting to global warming of 4°C cannot be seen as a mere extrapolation of adaptation to 2°C; it will be a more substantial, continuous and transformative process. However, a variety of psychological, social and institutional barriers to adaptation are exacerbated by uncertainty and long timeframes, with th ...
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Sea-level rise and its possible impacts given a ‘beyond 4°C world’ in the twenty-first century
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Nicholls Robert J.; Marinova Natasha; Lowe Jason A.; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011The range of future climate-induced sea-level rise remains highly uncertain with continued concern that large increases in the twenty-first century cannot be ruled out. The biggest source of uncertainty is the response of the large ice sheets of Greenland and west Antarctica. Based on our analysis, a pragmatic estimate of sea-level rise by 2100, for a temperature rise of 4°C or more over the same time frame, is between 0.5 m and 2 m—the probability of rises at the high end is judged to be very low, but of unquantifiable probability. However, if realized, an indicative analysis shows that the i ...
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The role of interactions in a world implementing adaptation and mitigation solutions to climate change
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Warren Rachel - The Royal Society, 2011The papers in this volume discuss projections of climate change impacts upon humans and ecosystems under a global mean temperature rise of 4°C above preindustrial levels. Like most studies, they are mainly single-sector or single-region-based assessments. Even the multi-sector or multi-region approaches generally consider impacts in sectors and regions independently, ignoring interactions. Extreme weather and adaptation processes are often poorly represented and losses of ecosystem services induced by climate change or human adaptation are generally omitted. This paper addresses this gap by re ...
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Water availability in +2°C and +4°C worlds
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Fung Fai; Lopez Ana; New Mark - The Royal Society, 2011While the parties to the UNFCCC agreed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Accord that a 2°C global warming over pre-industrial levels should be avoided, current commitments on greenhouse gas emissions reductions from these same parties will lead to a 50 : 50 chance of warming greater than 3.5°C. Here, we evaluate the differences in impacts and adaptation issues for water resources in worlds corresponding to the policy objective (+2°C) and possible reality (+4°C). We simulate the differences in impacts on surface run-off and water resource availability using a global hydrological model driven by e ...
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When could global warming reach 4°C?
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Betts Richard A.; Collins Matthew; Hemming Deborah L.; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) assessed a range of scenarios of future greenhouse-gas emissions without policies to specifically reduce emissions, and concluded that these would lead to an increase in global mean temperatures of between 1.6°C and 6.9°C by the end of the twenty-first century, relative to pre-industrial. While much political attention is focused on the potential for global warming of 2°C relative to pre-industrial, the AR4 projections clearly suggest that much greater levels of warming are possible by the end of the twenty-fir ...
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Displacement due to natural hazard-induced disasters : Global estimates for 2009 and 2010
Forced displacement due to natural hazard-induced disasters is a large-scale, global phenomenon. This study focuses on quantifying peak levels of displacement, including those due to preventative actions taken before and after the onset of a disaster, as people are forced to flee their homes and lands.
CAWCR technical report, 42. Global climate goals for temperature, concentrations, emissions and cumulative emissions
Raupach Mickael R.; Harman Ian N.; Canadell Josep G. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2011There are many different ways of quantifying the broad goal of "avoidance of dangerous human interference with the climate system", including targets for global temperature rise, radiative forcing, greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, GHG emissions in particular years, and cumulative GHG emissions ("carbon budgets"). The purpose of this report is to provide relationships between these different statements of a climate goal. Broadly, the approach is to start from target for global temperature increase above preindustrial temperatures (such as two degrees Celsius or any other target, to be met w ...
Optimizing the Use of Model Data Products
Each model forecast tells a story about the weather events to unfold. As a forecaster, you employ diagnostics to understand and interpret that story, in order to modify it, blend it with other stories, and generate your own forecast. This lesson will help you sift through the abundance of model data so you can understand and interpret the model’s story. Other lessons cover evaluating the model’s story against observations and against your conceptual models of the evolving situation, blending the stories, and adjusting the forecast to add value over an objective forecast. The diagnostic approac ...
Skywarn Spotter Convective Basics
The "SKYWARN® Spotter Convective Basics" module will guide users to a basic understanding of convective storms. Through three different scenarios, you will cover reporting and proper communication of local storm reports to the National Weather Service (NWS), personal safety during these events, and field identification of convective storm hazards. After completing the scenarios, you will be given the opportunity to practice identifying storm features from a spectrum of photos.
Volcanic Ash: Introduction
Provides a concise introduction to volcanic ash through the examples of the Mt. Pinatubo and Eyjafjallajökull eruptions. This is the introduction to a four-part series on Volcanic Ash.
Volcanic Ash: Volcanism
This module is the second in the four-part Volcanic Ash series. It provides information about the geological, and geophysical processes related to volcanic activity and volcanic ash in the atmosphere and on the ground. It discusses four types of volcanic eruptions and describes six major volcanic hazards: Tephra Pyroclastic flow Lahar Lava flow Volcanic gas Tsunami
Commission for Climatology: over eighty years of service
This brochure will facilitate an improved general understanding and perception of the role of the WMO Commission for Climatology (CCl), in particular in the context of the development of the new Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), an initiative approved in 2009 by the third World Climate Conference (WCC-3).
Climate Change, Double Injustice and Social Policy: A Case Study of the United Kingdom
The groups and populations likely to be most harmed by climate change are the least responsible for causing it and have the least resources to cope with the consequences—this is the "double injustice". It forms the background to climate negotiations between governments representing countries of the North and the South, but it also occurs within nations across the world. In light of this phenomenon, what are the distributional implications of current, fairly ambitious, policies to decarbonize the economy? Based on research within rich countries of the Organisation for Economic Development and C ...
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The Social Dimensions of Climate Change - Discussion draft
ILO, 2011This discussion paper was prepared under the auspices of the United Nations Task Team on Social Dimensions of Climate Change, which is currently composed of 20 Agencies, including the International Labour Organization. The paper addresses the social dimensions of climate change from a sustainable, equitable development perspective. It aims to broaden and deepen policy-makers’ understanding of the benefits of addressing and incorporating the social dimensions of climate change into climate policies. In doing so, the paper identifies a number of knowledge gaps within the social, human and natura ...
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Towards an ILO approach to climate change adaptation
ILO, 2011This working paper is the joint effort of the Employment Intensive Investment Programme and the Green Jobs Programme. It explores the implications of climate change, its impacts on the world of work and the need for the work of the International Labour Office to adapt to it. It takes stock of the on-going work and identifies the needs for further development.
BLOSSOM — Bridging long-term scenario and strategy analysis : organisation and methods - a cross-country analysis
‘BLOSSOM – Bridging long-term scenario and strategy analysis: organisation and methods’ summarises the results of a three-year project, that examined to what extent foresight studies underpinned environmental policies in 12 EU Member States. It shows several successful examples of how European countries are giving increasing attention to using long term approaches, such as scenario building, when formulating environmental policies.
Climate for you
Through a wide variety of proxy records, including ice cores, tree rings, sediments, corals, rocks and fossils, among others, the modern science of paleoclimatology reveals that climate variability and change were present on our planet long before our ancestors. More recently, there are several references in our recorded history to unusual periods in some parts of the world, such as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the subsequent Little Ice Age, as well as exceptional events like the “year without a summer” of 1816, attributed to the colossal 1815 Mount Tambora eruption.
Latin America and the Caribbean statistical yearbook = Anuario estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe
ECLAC, 2005-[...], 2011The Yearbook covers demographic, social, economic issues; it also provides data on natural resources and environment.
Le climat et vous
Grâce à la paléoclimatologie moderne et au large éventail de données indirectes qu’elle recueille dans les carottes de glace, les cernes d’arbres, les sédiments, les coraux, les roches et les fossiles, nous savons que le climat de notre planète se caractérisait déjà par sa variabilité bien avant que
nos ancêtres n’apparaissent. Plus récemment, les références de l’histoire font état aussi de plusieurs périodes inhabituelles dans différentes régions du monde, notamment l’anomalie climatique médiévale, suivie du petit âge glaciaire, ou
encore de phénomènes exceptionnels comme «l’ann ...
Климат для вас
с помощью большого разнообразия косвенных данных, включая, среди прочего, керны льда, годичные кольца деревьев, осадочные отложения, кораллы, горные породы и ископаемые остатки, современная наука палеоклиматология показывает, что изменение и изменчивость климата имели место на нашей планете задолго до наших предков. В последнее время в документируемой истории появлялся ряд ссылок на необычные периоды в некоторых районах
мира, такие как средневековая климатическая аномалия и более поздний малый ледниковый период, а также на такие исключительные события, как 1816 г. — «год без лета», ...
El clima y tú
gracias a una gran diversidad de registros indirectos, como núcleos de hielo, anillos de árboles, sedimentos, corales, rocas y fósiles, entre otros, la moderna ciencia de la paleoclimatología ha demostrado que la variabilidad y el cambio climáticos estaban presentes en nuestro planeta desde mucho antes que nuestros ancestros. más recientemente, nuestros registros históricos parecen indicar varios períodos inhabituales en ciertas partes del mundo, como la anomalía
climática medieval y la pequeña era glacial subsiguiente, y también períodos excepcionales, como el “año sin verano” de 1816 ...
Development of a Nonhydrostatic Version of the Mesoscale-Convection-Resolving Model and its Application to the Eyewall and Spiral Rainbands of Tropical Cyclones
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Yamasaki Masanori - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010A numerical model in which the effects of cumulus convection are incorporated as the subgrid-scale and mesoscale organized convection is resolved by the grid (mesoscale-convection-resolving model, MCRM) was developed in the 1980s with an intention of improving the parameterization schemes for moist convection, which had been used since the 1960s. As in many numerical models with parameterization in the 1980s, hydrostatic equilibrium was assumed. The present paper describes a nonhydrostatic version of the MCRM, with some modifications of the subgrid-scale effect formulation used in the hydrosta ...
Forecast Study of the Cold December of 2005 in Japan: Role of Rossby Waves and Tropical Convection
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Inaba Morio; Kodera Kunihiko - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010Japan experienced unusually heavy snowfall and low temperatures in December 2005 owing to the cold air advected from Siberia. As a result of this strong and sustained cold surge, record-breaking snowfalls occurred repeatedly along the coast of the Sea of Japan. To determine the cause and to examine the accuracy of numerical forecasts of such unusual weather as well as to investigate the impact of initial and boundary conditions on the forecasts, we conducted one-month ensemble forecasts for December 2005 by changing lower boundary conditions, such as sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice c ...
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Variations of Terrestrial Water Storage in the Yangtze River Basin under Climate Change Scenarios
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 6. Ma Quian; Xie Zheng-Hui; Zhao Lin-Na - Science Press, 2010In this study, the water balance-based Precipitation-Evapotranspiration-Runoff (PER) method combined with the land surface model Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) was used to estimate the spatiotemporal variations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) for two periods, 1982–2005 (baseline) and 2071–2100, under future climate scenarios A2 and B2 in the Yangtze River basin. The results show that the estimated TWS during the baseline period and under the two future climate scenarios have similar seasonal amplitudes of 60–70 mm. The higher values of TWS appear in June during the baseline period and ...
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Roll Vortices in the Boundary Layer Caused by a Concave Wind Profile: A Theoretical Study
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 6. Liu Hui-Zhi; Sang Jian-Guo - Science Press, 2010The present study solves a two-layer atmospheric wave equation model with a lower atmosphere concave wind profile and cold-air outbreak over sea, while simultaneously proving that such a wind shear may cause neutral boundary layer roll vortices in the presence of disturbing sources upstream. Without thermal effects, the wind shear-induced waves have band structures at the top of the boundary layer that are similar to cloud street patterns observed over sea. This study proves that dynamic and thermal effects can act independently to initiate the roll vortices in the lower atmosphere. At the sam ...
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59 - February 2010 - 気象研究所共用海洋モデル(MRI.COM)第３版解説 = Reference Manual For The Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model(Mri.Com) Version 3
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Tsujino Hiroyuki; Motoi Tatsuo; Ishikawa Ichiro - Meteorological Research Institute, 2010This technical report is a manual of the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM). MRI.COM is an ocean general circulation model developed and maintained at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). As the name suggests, it has been used for studying large scale oceanic phenomena and as the oceanic part of the coupled climate models developed at MRI
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61 - March 2010 - 強雨をもたらす線状降水帯の形成機構等の解明及び降水強度・移動速度の予測に関する研究 = Studies on formation process of line-shaped rainfall systems and predictability of rainfall intensity and moving speed
Autoclaved natural seawater collected in the North Pacific Ocean was used as a reference material for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) during an inter-laboratory comparison (I/C) study conducted in 2008. This study was a follow-up to previous studies conducted in 2003 and 2006. A set of six samples was distributed to each of 58 laboratories in 15 countries around the globe, and results were returned by 54 of those laboratories (15 countries). The homogeneities of samples used in the 2008 I/C study, based on analyses for three determinants, were improved compared to those of samples used in the 200 ...
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Thunder Events in China: 1980-2008
Using data collected at 517 weather stations in contiguous China over the period 1980-2008, characteristics of thunder events have been investigated. These characteristics include geographical distribution, interdecadal variation, annual variation, and seasonal variation. The areas with the highest frequencies of thunder events are located in the central Tibetan Plateau, Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong. The annual number of thunder days increases from northern to southern China. But the frequency of thunder events over mountains and plateaus is much higher than the frequency of events over plai ...
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No. 25 - July 2010 - Climate change
The present issue of Spatium is devoted to climate change, to the most evident scientific observations corroborating global warming and the outstanding rate at which the global mean temperature is rising. Then, it presents some projections into the future under various more or less optimistic assumptions regarding mankind’s ability to counteract the climate threat. Finally, it will high light some measures taken so far which, unfortunately, are still far from being sufficient to keep the Earth’s climate under control.
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Volume 3 Number 3 - 16 May 2010
is an issue of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters. Science Press, 2010Contains:
- Analysis of a Beijing Heavy Snowfall Related to an Inverted Trough in November 2009
LI Jin,ZHAO Si-Xiong,YU Fei
- Comparative Studies of Different Mesoscale Convection Parameterization Schemes in the Simulation of Mei-Yu Front Heavy Rain
PING Fan,LUO Zhe-Xian
- An Improved Atmospheric Vector Radiative Transfer Model Incorporating Rough Ocean Boundaries
FAN Xue-Hua,CHEN Hong-Bin,HAN Zhi-Gang,LIN Long-Fu
- A Case Study of the Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Surface Atmospheric Variables and Energy Budgets in ...
Writing TAFS for Ceilings and Visibility
"Writing TAFs for Ceilings and Visibility" is the fifth unit in the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC2) series on producing TAFs that meet the needs of the aviation community. In addition to providing information about tools for diagnosing low ceilings and reduced in visibility and its related impacts, the module extends the Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) process to address an airport's operational thresholds. By understanding the thresholds at airports for which they produce TAFs, forecasters will be better able to produce a PPTAF. The unit also examines how to communicate effectivel ...
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Renforcer les capacités dans le monde entier
Bulletin, Vol. 59 (1). OMM, 2010L’OMM aide depuis 60 ans les Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (SMHN) de ses Membres à renforcer leurs capacités dans plusieurs domaines critiques afin de favoriser leur croissance et leur perfectionnement.
CAWCR Technical Reports, 24. A high-quality historical humidity database for Australia
Lucas Chris; Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2010
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 4: Tropical Variability
This chapter presents an overview of the major cycles dominating intraseasonal and interannual variability in the tropics. Characteristic atmospheric and oceanic patterns for each oscillation are presented and methods for tracking the evolution of these cycles are described. Observations and conceptual models of equatorial waves are presented. Classical solutions for equatorial waves are outlined and the effects of moisture on the expression of these waves are discussed. Since the tropics are not an isolated region of the globe, the impacts of these cycles on higher latitudes are also explored ...
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Beyond carbon: rights-based safeguard principles in law
The aim of climate change mitigation and adaptation programs are to protect all the Earth’s inhabitants from the serious threats posed by climate change. Safeguards ensure both mitigation and adaptation activities truly address these purposes.
The rights-based safeguards described in this report are social safeguards designed by the Civil Society Network for Climate Justice to become a framework for climate change mitigation and adaptation in general, and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in particular. They take the form of considerations for a ...
Assessment of global megatrends : SOER 2010
EEA, 2010This exploratory assessment of global megatrends relevant for the European environment focuses on the impact of major global trends on Europe. A global-to-European perspective is relevant for European environmental policymaking because Europe's environmental challenges and management options are being reshaped by global drivers such as demographics, technologies, trade patterns and consumption. The assessment provides analysis of 11 relevant megatrends, summarises the links between megatrends and Europe's priority environmental challenges, and reflects on possible implications for policymaking ...
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 5. Mapping Climate Change Vulnerability and Impact Scenarios : a Guidebook for Sub-national Planners
UNDP, 2010This guidebook assists planners working at the sub-national levels to identify and map the nature of current and future vulnerability to long-term climate change so that appropriate policies and intervention can be designed and implemented.
Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2050
IAEA, 2010This annual publication contains estimates of energy, electricity and nuclear power trends up to the year 2050, using a variety of sources, such as the IAEA's Power Reactor Information System and data prepared by the United Nations.
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Water scenarios for the Zambezi River Basin, 2000-2050
This paper suggests that there are many development possibilities in Zambezi river basin (ZRB), considering the very low current level of consumptive water use there.
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From forest to fork : how cattle, soy and sugar are destroying Brazil’s forests and damaging the climate. summary report
Brussels, January 25, 2011 – Growing demand for meat, animal feeds and agrofuels in Europe is contributing to the continued destruction of the Amazon and Cerrado habitats in Brazil, reveals a new report launched today by Friends of the Earth Europe.
The research comes at a time when Europe is debating the future of farming. [1] Friends of the Earth Europe is calling for the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy to reduce the EU’s dependence on imported soy animal feeds and meat.
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