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GCOS, 240. The Global Climate Observing System 2021: The GCOS Status Report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 239. حالة النظام العالمي لرصد المناخ لعام 2021 : ملخص تنفيذي
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 239. 全球气候观测系统现状报告（2021）: 执行摘要
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 239. Глобальная система наблюдений за климатом: Резюме
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - ВМО, 2021
GCOS, 239. Estado del Sistema Mundial de Observación del Clima: Resumen ejecutivo
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - OMM, 2021
SMOC, 239. Système mondial d’observation du climat: Résumé
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - OMM, 2021
GCOS, 239. The Global Climate Observing System 2021: Executive Summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 237. Report of the Twelfth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-12)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 236. GCOS Steering Committe Twenty-eighth Session (GCOS SC-28)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 232. Report of the twenty-seventh session of the WMO-IOC-UNEP-ISC steering committee for GCOS
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2020
GCOS, 226. GCOS Surface Reference Network (GSRN) : Justification, requirements, siting and instrumentation options
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019This report is produced by the GSRN Task Team and provides a proposal for the establishment of a GCOS Surface Reference Network, with the support of the GCOS programme, relevant programmes at WMO and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). It outlines the next steps required for the implementation of a GSRN: approval of the proposed GSRN by relevant WMO programmes, the GCOS programme and other sponsors, solicitation of offers to host and staff appropriately the proposed Lead Centre, and the selection of suitable sites for an initial GSRN.
GCOS, 229. Plan for improving observations around Lake Victoria that support numerical weather predictions, climate services and adaptation
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019
GCOS, 230. Report of the Eleventh GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-11)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019
GCOS, 228. GCOS Joint Panels Meeting Report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019
GCOS, 227. Lightning for Climate : A Study by the Task Team on Lightning Observation For Climate Applications (TT-LOCA) Of the Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019“The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs” (GCOS, 2016), further referred to as “GCOS Implementation Plan”, calls in its Action A29 for defining “the requirement for lightning measurements, including data exchange, for climate monitoring and to encourage space agencies and operators of ground-based systems to strive for global coverage and reprocessing of existing datasets”. The GCOS Implementation Plan was endorsed by the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) at its Sixteenth session (WMO, 2016) and CBS decided “to support Members, as appropriate, in the implementation of th ...
GCOS, 223. Weather Radar Data Requirements for Climate Monitoring
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019Action A24 of the GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-200), calls for the implementation of an archive for radar reflectivities. The Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) at its Sixteenth session (WMO-1183) endorsed the GCOS Implementation Plan and “Decides to support Members, as appropriate, in the implementation of the actions identified in the GCOS Implementation Plan”. EC-69 (WMO, 2017 - WMO, 1196) invited members “To work towards the full implementation of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) implementation plan.”
At the 22nd Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for ...
GCOS, 224. Report of the twenty-sixth session of the WMO-IOC-UNEP-ISC steering committee for GCOS
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019
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GCOS, 217. 21st Session of the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate (the GOOS Physics and Climate Panel) (OOPC-21)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
GCOS, 218. 23rd Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-23)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
GCOS, 216. 8th Session of the GTN-H Panel
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
GCOS, 213. Report of the first meeting of the GCOS/CCl Task Team on Lightning Observations for Climate Applications (TTLOCA-1)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018The meeting opened with a welcome to all participants from the Task Team on Lightning Observations for Climate Applications (TTLOCA) Chairman, Robert Holzworth. He introduced the panel and participating Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) secretariat staff, Valentin Aich and Caterina Tassone.
GCOS, 222. Systematic observations and the Paris agreement : Report of the Task Team on the Paris Agreement
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018The Paris Agreement will drive climate policy for many years to come. It establishes a science-based cycle of reporting (through the Transparency Framework), assessment (the Global Stocktake) and increasing ambition of action to address climate change (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDC). The Agreement has three main aims: to limit the global temperature increase, to increase the adaptive capabilities of the Parties, and to increase the making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.
The Paris Agreement covers ...
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GCOS, 219. 20th Session of the GCOS/WCRP Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate (TOPC-20)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, Abridged Final Report of the Fifth Session
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMO, 2018 (WMO-No. 1208)
GESAMP - Reports and Studies, 97. The magnitude and impacts of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen inputs to the ocean
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - WMO, 2018The present global modelling study of the Nr atmospheric cycle and Nr deposition to the ocean is the first that evaluates past, present and future Nr atmospheric deposition accounting for ON primary sources as well as for secondary ON chemical formation as a N-dependent process. While the total Nr deposition to the ocean is not expected to change significantly by 2050, the relative importance of oxidized and reduced N is expected to change, with an increasing proportion of ammonium compared to nitrate, resulting from more efficient controls on terrestrial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) com ...
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GCOS, 220. Report of the Tenth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation and Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-10)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
Commission technique mixte OMM/COI d’océanographie et de météorologie maritime, Rapport final abrégé de la cinquième session
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Commission Océanographique Intergouvernementale (COI); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - OMM, 2018 (OMM-No. 1208)
GCOS, 215. Report from 1st Meeting of the Task Team GCOS Upper Air Network (TT-GUAN-1)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017The meeting was opened with a welcome to all participants from Dr Franz Berger, Director of the Lindenberg Observatory.
Peter Thorne agreed to be the meeting chair and welcomed everyone to the meeting.
Tim Oakley, GCOS Secretariat, welcomed everyone on behalf of WMO and GCOS, introduced Caterina Tassone and Valentin Aich from the GCOS Secretariat and thanked all participants for taking the time to attend the meeting and take an active role in this Task Team.
All other members of the task team introduced themselves. The list of participants can be found in Annex 5.
GCOS, 214. Report of the 1st Meeting of the GCOS Surface Reference Network (GSRN) Task Team
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017The meeting was opened with a welcome to all participants from Prof. Ray O’Neill, Vice-President of Research and Innovation of the University of Maynooth, Ireland. Caterina Tassone, GCOS Secretariat, introduced Tim Oakley, from GCOS Secretariat and Howard Diamond, Chairman of the Task Team. All other members of the task team introduced themselves. The list of participants can be found in Annex 11. The agenda (Annex 1) was adopted.
GCOS, 212. Report for 1st Meeting of GCOS/CCl Task Team on the use of Weather radar for Climate Studies
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017The first meeting of the AOPC task team on the use of weather radar for climate studies, was held at FMI, Helsinki, from August 30th to August 31st 2017. The meeting is hosted by Elena Saltikoff (FMI-Finland), chairperson of the Task Team. Bernard Urban (Météo-France-France) participates as radar expert, Rainer Hollman (DWD-Germany) as AOPC representative, Caterina Tassone for GCOS secretariat. Also present in the first part of the meeting are Aku Riihela and Terhikki Manninen from SCOPE-CM.
GCOS, 211. Report of the Ninth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation and Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-9)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017The 9th GRUAN Implementation and Coordination Meeting (ICM-9) was hosted by the Finnish Mete-orological Institute (FMI) from 12 to 16 June 2017 in Helsinki, Finland. It benefitted from support by the local hosts, NOAA, and from the NOAA US GCOS office. The meeting included:
• A special session on Arctic research relevant to GRUAN.
• A special session dedicated to management of the change from RS92 radiosondes to alterna-tive sondes.
• An optional visit to the Vaisala factory outside Helsinki.
• A break-out session on GAIA-CLIM outreach.
• An optional MeteoMet ...
GCOS, 210. Report of the twenty-fifth session of the WMO-IOC-UNEP-ICSU Steering Committee for GCOS
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017
GCOS, 209. 19th Session of the GCOS /WCRP Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate (TOPC-19)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017"This meeting [had] to consider its work plan which [included]
• A status report or similar in 4 years and update of IP in 5 years;
• Reviewing the performance of ECV observations and progress on actions in the implementation plan;
• Consideration of Adaptation Needs -> what does it mean for panel/observations;
• The proposal for Evaporation/Latent Heat Flux.
During the discussion it was stressed that the new work cycle of the TOPC after the release of the GCOS implementation plan will be challenging particularly because adaptation and mitigation will become ...
GCOS, 207. 22nd Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-22)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017
GCOS, 206. Indicators of Climate Change Outcome of a meeting held at WMO 3 February 2017
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017
GCOS, 200. The Global Observing System for Climate : Implementation Needs
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2016This publication provides background in terms of requirements and recommendations for a functional and robust Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Global climate monitoring, including water and greenhouse-gas fluxes, supports and serves the programmes of WMO and its Member States, especially with a view towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and implementation of the Paris Agreement. While observations are the focus of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), aspects of climate-related policy are covered by many different government departments. Al ...
JCOMM Technical Report, 63. Recommended Algorithms for the Computation of Marine Meteorological Variables
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMO, 2015This publication presents a summarized version of the WMO No-8 information, focusing on the instruments used by the VOS, but breaks new ground in making specific recommendations (including providing software modules and test validation cases) on the algorithms to be used to compute “derived” variables.
Water for a sustainable world: the UN world water development report 2015
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); UN Water - United Nations, 2015The report elaborates upon the future of water towards 2050 by describing how water supports healthy and prosperous human communities, including through measures that reduce vulnerability and improve resilience to water-related disasters such as flood and drought management approaches, maintains well-functioning ecosystems and ecological services, and provides a cornerstone for short and long-term economic development.
It provides an overview of the challenges, issues and trends in terms of water resources, their use and water-related services like water supply and sanitation, a ...
JCOMM Technical Report, 61. Ship Observations Team (SOT) Implementation Strategy : version 1.0
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMO, 2014This document provides the rationale for the strategy of the SOT for the implementation of the ship fleets under its responsibility in the foreseeable future. It particularly includes an overarching implementation plan, and a detailed implementation plan with clear objectives, and some performance targets.
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Islands of the future: building resilience in a changing world
UNESCO, 2014This booklet outlines UNESCO's activities in small island developing States (SIDS), covering the period from 2006-2013. It features chapters on: (i) promoting quality education in islands; (ii) building island resilience; (iii) valuing and sharing island heritage and identities; (iv) building knowledge societies in islands; (v) enabling island cohesion and social well-being; (vi) managing natural resources for a sustainable future; and (vii) the UNESCO participation programme in SIDS.
On resilience, the booklet underlines the particular vulnerability of SIDS to disasters, which ...
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Changing Small Island Developing States : a space perspective on environmental change in the Caribbean
This publication focuses on high-resolution imagery processed to illustrate the impacts on Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean of climate change, sea-level rise, coral bleaching, uncontrolled urban and tourism development, severe deforestation and selected natural hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding and landslides. Through a series of case studies the report, written in English and Spanish, documents environmental changes in estuaries, mangroves, corals, coastlines and forests; as well as different approaches to land use and conservation; urbanization, tourism infrast ...
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United Nations World Water Development Report 2014: Water and Energy, Volume 1
This report provides an overview of major and emerging trends from around the world, with examples of how some of the trend-related challenges have been addressed, their implications for policy-makers, and further actions that can be taken by stakeholders and the international community. It argues that water and energy are closely interconnected and highly interdependent. Choices made and actions taken in one domain can greatly affect the other, positively or negatively. Trade-offs need to be managed to limit negative impacts and foster opportunities for synergy. The argument is given that wat ...
GAW Report, 203. The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Maritime Organization (IMO); Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); et al. - WMO, 2012The atmospheric input of chemicals to the ocean is closely related to a number of important global change issues. The increasing input of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen species to much of the ocean may cause a low level fertilization of the ocean that could result in an increase in marine 'new' productivity of up to ~3% and thus impact carbon drawdown from the atmosphere. However, the increase in nitrogen inputs are also likely to increase the formation of nitrous oxide in the ocean. The increased emission of this powerful greenhouse gas will partially offset the climate forcing impact res ...
JCOMM Technical Report, 66. GLOSS Implementation Plan 2012
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2012The focus of the GIP 2012 remains the GCN and the datasets that result from this network. The new plan calls for two significant upgrades to the GCN motivated by scientific and operational requirements.
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Engineering the climate: research questions and policy implications
Earth’s climate appears to be changing faster than previously observed. Even with active mitigation and adaptation measures, additional efforts to avoid significant climate disruptions may be needed. Geoengineering the climate is an option that is now gaining scientific, policy, and public attention while raising important environmental, ethical, social, and political challenges.
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Climate change, water stress, conflict and migration
UNESCO, 2012This collection of papers, presented at the symposium ‘Climate change, water stress, conflict and migration’ held on 21 September 2011 in the Netherlands, highlight how climate change, water stress and other environmental problems threaten human security. For example, the paper by Muniruzzaman ilustrates how water ignores political and community boundaries, and how decisions in one place can significantly affect water use elsewhere. India’s plans to build more dams could, for instance, have devastating affects for Pakistan’s agricultural productivity which is highly dependent on water supply f ...
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Green Accounting and Data Improvement for Water Resources
Winpenny James; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - UNESCO, 2012 (UNESCO Side publications series-No. 02)Water makes a critical contribution to all aspects of personal welfare and economic life. However, global water resources are coming under increasing pressure. It is widely recognized that over the next few decades global drivers such as climate change, population growth and improving living standards will increase pressure on the availability, quality and distribution of water resources. Managing the impacts of these drivers to maximize social and economic welfare will require intelligent policy and management responses at all levels of collection, production and distribution of water. The go ...
Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries
Selby David; Kagawa Fumiyo; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - UNESCO, 2012This publication captures key national experiences in the integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the curriculum, identifying good practice, noting issues addressed or still lacking, and reviewing learning outcomes. The study researched DRR related curriculum development and integration, pedagogy, student assessment, teacher professional development and guidance, learning outcomes and policy development, planning and implementation aspects covering thirty countries.
Climate change education for sustainable development in Small Island Developing States : report and recommendations
UNESCO, 2012This report summarizes the key outcomes of a three-day meeting which discussed and reflected on the challenges that climate change poses to education systems in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and on the role that education must play in adaptation to climate change. Acknowledging that SIDS are already confronted with the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and changes in weather and climate extremes such as droughts, floods and tropical cyclones/hurricanes, it considers the need for them to reduce their vulnerability to climate change by strengthening their adaptive c ...
GCOS - 1992 * 2012: 20 Years in Service for Climate Observations
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2012The demand for information on global climate has never been greater.Many regions in the world are clearly impacted by changes in climate, and those changes need to be managed now.It took years of work by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), assessing the climate science literature, and by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), advancing the state of climate science, to raise the awareness that observations of climate need to be available on a global scale to underpin decisions.The year 2012 marks the 20th anniversary of the system dedicated to providing the observational ...
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