Accessing economic and political impacts of Hydrological variability on treaties: case studies on the Zambezi and Mekong basins

Blankespoor Brian; Basist Alan; Dinar Ariel; et al. - World Bank, 2012

The term 'green jobs' can refer to employment in a narrowly defined set of industries providing environmental services. But it is more useful for the policy-maker to focus on the broader issue of the employment consequences of policies to correct environmental externalities such as anthropogenic climate change. Most of the literature focuses on direct employment created, with more cursory treatment of indirect and induced job creation, especially that arising from macroeconomic effects of policies. The potential adverse impacts of green growth policies on labor productivity and the costs of em ...

English

 Accessing economic and political impacts of Hydrological variability on treaties: case studies on the Zambezi and Mekong basins

  Available online: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/03/1 [...]

Brian Blankespoor ; Alan Basist ; Ariel Dinar ; Shlomi Dinar ; World Bank

Published by: World Bank ; 2012

The term 'green jobs' can refer to employment in a narrowly defined set of industries providing environmental services. But it is more useful for the policy-maker to focus on the broader issue of the employment consequences of policies to correct environmental externalities such as anthropogenic climate change. Most of the literature focuses on direct employment created, with more cursory treatment of indirect and induced job creation, especially that arising from macroeconomic effects of policies. The potential adverse impacts of green growth policies on labor productivity and the costs of employment tend to be overlooked. More attention also needs to be paid in this literature to how labor markets work in different types of economy. There may be wedges between the shadow wage and the actual wage, particularly in developing countries with segmented labor markets and after adverse aggregate demand shocks, warranting a bigger and longer-lasting boost to green projects with high labor content. In these circumstances, the transition to green growth and job creation can go hand in hand. But there are challenges, especially for countries that have built their industrial development strategies around cheap carbon-based energy. Induced structural change, green or otherwise, should be accompanied by active labor market policies.

Language(s): English

Format: Digital (Free)

Tags: Socio-economic benefits ; Hydrology ; River basin ; Region I - Africa ; Region II - Asia Add tag

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Agriculture and the clean development mechanism

Larson Donald F.; Dinar Ariel; Frisbie J.Aapris - World Bank, 2011

Many experts believe that low-cost mitigation opportunities in agriculture are abundant and comparable in scale to those found in the energy sector. They are mostly located in developing countries and have to do with how land is used. By investing in projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), countries can tap these opportunities to meet their own Kyoto Protocol obligations. The CDM has been successful in financing some types of agricultural projects, including projects that capture methane or use agricultural by-products as an energy source. But agricultural land-use projects are s ...

English

 Agriculture and the clean development mechanism

  Available online: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/537451468162534877/Agriculture-and-the [...]

Donald F. Larson ; Ariel Dinar ; J.Aapris Frisbie

Published by: World Bank ; 2011

Many experts believe that low-cost mitigation opportunities in agriculture are abundant and comparable in scale to those found in the energy sector. They are mostly located in developing countries and have to do with how land is used. By investing in projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), countries can tap these opportunities to meet their own Kyoto Protocol obligations. The CDM has been successful in financing some types of agricultural projects, including projects that capture methane or use agricultural by-products as an energy source. But agricultural land-use projects are scarce under the CDM. This represents a missed opportunity to promote sustainable rural development since land-use projects that sequester carbon in soils can help reverse declining soil fertility, a root cause of stagnant agricultural productivity. This paper reviews the process leading to current CDM implementation rules and describes how the rules, in combination with challenging features of land-use projects, raise transaction costs and lower demand for land-use credits. Procedures by which developed countries assess their own mitigation performance are discussed as a way of redressing current constraints on CDM investments. Nevertheless, even with improvements to the CDM, an under-investment in agricultural land-use projects is likely, since there are hurdles to capturing associated ancillary benefits privately. Alternative approaches outside the CDM are discussed, including those that build on recent decisions taken by governments in Copenhagen and Cancun.

Language(s): English

Format: Digital (Free)

Tags: Developing countries ; Agriculture ; Climate ; Climate change ; Soil pollution ; Sustainable agriculture Add tag

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