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Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8)
The first edition of this guide was published in 1950.
2021 edition - Volume I: Measurement of Meteorological Variables
, 2021 edition - Volume III: Observing Systems
, 2021 edition - Volume IV: Space-based Observations
, 2018 edition - Volume II: Measurement of Cryospheric Variables
, 2018 edition - Volume V: Quality Assurance and Management of Observing Systems
Published by: WMO ; 2018 and 2021 (2018 and 2021 editions)
The first edition of this guide was published in 1950.
Notes: Online archive (from 1950 onward) is available for logged-in users. Not registered yet? Click here or contact library(at)wmo.int (please replace at by @). - Part I and other versions in preparation.
Collection(s) and Series: WMO- No. 8
Language(s): English; Other Languages: French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic
Format: Digital (Free)ISBN (or other code): 978-92-63-10008-5
Tags: Observations ; Meteorological instrument ; Hydrometeorological instrument ; Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) ; Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) ; WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) ; Methodology ; Guide ; Meteorology ; OBS - Personnel installing and maintaining instrumentation ; OBS - Personnel managing observing programmes and networks ; OBS - Personnel performing instrument calibrations ; OBS - Personnel performing meteorological observations ; Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP) ; Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) ; Technical Publications ; CIMO Guide ; guide cimo wmo-8
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Review of Yang Yang the 08/13/2020Published by: WMO ; 2018 (2017 Edition)
Collection(s) and Series: WMO- No. 1213
Language(s): English; Other Languages: French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Chinese
Format: Digital (Free)ISBN (or other code): 978-92-63-11213-2
Tags: WMO Information System (WIS) ; WMO Information System Competencies ; Information management ; Technical Publications
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Basic Documents, 2. Technical Regulations, Volume II: Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
These Regulations are designed:
(a) To facilitate cooperation in meteorology and hydrology between Members;
(b) To meet, in the most effective manner, specific needs in the various fields of application of meteorology and operational hydrology in the international sphere; and
(c) To ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving (a) and (b) above.
Published by: WMO ; 2018 (2018 edition, Updated in 2021)
These Regulations are designed:
(a) To facilitate cooperation in meteorology and hydrology between Members;
(b) To meet, in the most effective manner, specific needs in the various fields of application of meteorology and operational hydrology in the international sphere; and
(c) To ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving (a) and (b) above.Collection(s) and Series: WMO - No. 49 > Basic Documents; Basic Documents- No. 2
Language(s): English; Other Languages: Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic
Format: Digital (Free)
Archives access: 1956-[...]Tags: Weather ; Meteorology ; Aeronautical meteorology ; Technical Publications
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Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) - Abridged Final Report of the Seventeenth Session (1226)
Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) - Abridged Final Report of the Seventeenth Session (1226)
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Part I - Abridged final report
, Part II - Progress Report (multilingual)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
Event: Event: Regional Association V 17th session (15-17 October 2018; Nuku’alofa, Tonga)
Published by: WMO ; 2018Collection(s) and Series: WMO- No. 1226
Language(s): English; Other Languages: French
Format: Digital (Free)ISBN (or other code): 978-92-63-11226-2
Tags: Regional Programme (RP) ; Governance Publications ; National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS) ; Region III - South America ; RA-V 17
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Part I - Abridged final report
, Part II - Progress Report (multilingual)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
Event: Executive Council, 70th session (20–29 June 2018; Geneva, Switzerland)
Published by: WMO ; 2018Collection(s) and Series: WMO - No. 1218 > Executive Council Reports
Language(s): English; Other Languages: French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Chinese
Format: Digital (Free)ISBN (or other code): 978-92-63-11218-7
Tags: National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS) ; Governance Publications ; WMO Events' Publications ; EC-70
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Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018 (GORMP 58)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2018The Assessment documents the advances in scientific understanding of ozone depletion reflecting the thinking of the many international scientific experts who have contributed to its preparation and review. These advances add to the scientific basis for decisions made by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. It is based on longer observational records, new chemistry- climate model simulations, and new analyses.
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.14: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2017
The latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme shows that globally averaged surface mole fractions(1) calculated from this in situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2017, with CO2 at 405.5 ± 0.1 ppm(2), CH4 at 1859 ± 2 ppb(3) and N2O at 329.9 ± 0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 146%, 257% and 122% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. The increase in CO2 from 2016 to 2017 was smaller than that observed from 2015 to 2016 and practically equal to the average growth rate over the last decade. The influence ...
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Guide to Competency
The purpose of this Guide is to provide guidance to Members’ organizations that are developing, implementing and/or maintaining competency-based training and assessment programmes based upon the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) competency frameworks established in the Technical Regulations, Volume I (WMO-No.49).
Examples of selected Members’ best practices are included in this guidance material to facilitate transfer of knowledge and experience, and thus enable organizations to achieve compliance with the WMO requirements in the most efficient way.
This Guide will also be ...
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Guide to marine meteorological services
Internationally agreed methods of providing services to the marine community around the world are described in the Manual on Marine Meteorological Services (WMO-No. 558), Volume I. The purpose of this Guide is to complement the Manual by:
(a) Describing the requirements for the various types of service;
(b) Explaining the rationale for the agreed methods of providing services;
(c) Giving guidance on how to set up and maintain marine meteorological services.
It follows the same structure as the Manual on Marine Meteorological Services.
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Global uppvärmning på 1,5ºC : Sammanfattning för beslutsfattare
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - SMHI, 2018
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Aquecimento Global de 1,5°C : Sumário para Formuladores de Políticas
Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - IPCC, 2018
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Global Warming of 1.5°C
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - IPCC, 2018An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty.
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1,5 °C Globale Erwärmung : Zusammenfassung für politische Entscheidungsträger
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - IPCC, 2018
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Satellite Data Telecommunication Handbook
This handbook is a guide to using satellite telecommunication systems and is provided as an attachment to the Guide to the WMO Information System (WMO-No. 1061). It is intended for scientists and managers who are considering using satellite communications to collect data from remote instrumentation located either on land or at sea. The handbook aims to provide an overview of the state of the market at the time of writing (April 2018) so that users can quickly identify which satellite services are appropriate for their needs. Since the market is evolving rapidly, an online version will be made ...
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Technical Guidelines for Regional WIGOS Centres on the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System
This publication is an Annex to Chapter 9 of the Guide to the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO, 2018). It provides detailed technical guidance for Regional WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Centres (RWCs) to run the operational activities related to the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System (WDQMS), specifically for the surface stations of the Global Observing System (GOS) located on land (on the territories of WMO Regional Association (RA) Members). These guidelines describe the three main functions of WDQMS (monitoring, evaluation and incident management), as well as t ...
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IOM Report, 132. The 2018 WMO/CIMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO TECO-2018) : “Towards fit-for-purpose environmental measurements”
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IOM Report, 130. Fourth WMO Regional Pyrheliometer Comparison of RA II, Jointly held with RA V
This report describes the intercomparison in detail: the instruments, the participants, the experimental setup, method and procedure, the data analysis technique used and the results. It is clear from the results that all of the participating instruments have been well maintained and remained stable since the previous intercomparison, which augers well for all radiation measurements within RA II and RA V. All participants were able to return home with newly derived WRR reduction factors for their instruments.
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CAgM Report, 105. Report on Responses to the Questionnaire on Climate Services for Agriculture in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)
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Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations OPAG in situ Technologies and Intercomparisons - Expert Team on Aircraft-based Observations : Final Report
The second session of the CIMO Expert Team on Aircraft-based Observations took place over 16-19 April, 2018 at the WMO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. This was the 2nd meeting of the team during the current inter-sessional period of CIMO ahead of the upcoming session of CIMO in October, 2018 (CIMO-17), with the first session having been held in December 2015 in conjunction with the CBS Expert Team on Aircraft-Based Observing Systems second session. The chief focus for the session was for the team to report on progress and to undertake planning to finalise activities and tasks from its wor ...
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GCOS, 217. 21st Session of the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate (the GOOS Physics and Climate Panel) (OOPC-21)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
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GCOS, 218. 23rd Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-23)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
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GCOS, 216. 8th Session of the GTN-H Panel
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
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IOM Report, 129. Report on the Second International Pyrgeometer Intercomparison (27 Sept - 15 Oct 2015, PMOD/WRC)
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IOM Report, 128. Interlaboratory Comparison in the field of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure, in the WMO Regional Association VI (MM-ILC-2015-THP)
The subject of this report is evaluation of the interlaboratory comparison in the field of measurement of temperature, humidity and pressure. The interlaboratory comparison was held within the framework of the MeteoMet 2 project, in the scope of proficiency testing scheme organized by the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (UL-FE/LMK), except pressure part. All the analysis were done in accordance with accredited procedures.
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GCOS, 213. Report of the first meeting of the GCOS/CCl Task Team on Lightning Observations for Climate Applications (TTLOCA-1)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018The meeting opened with a welcome to all participants from the Task Team on Lightning Observations for Climate Applications (TTLOCA) Chairman, Robert Holzworth. He introduced the panel and participating Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) secretariat staff, Valentin Aich and Caterina Tassone.
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GAW Report, 243. Report of the Fifth Erythemal UV Radiometers Intercomparison
This report presents the background information, procedures and results of the intercomparison of erythemal UV sensors carried out at the Central Observatory of Buenos Aires (OCBA) in 2018 against reference radiometers calibrated at the World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC) in Davos during 2017. In this way, the data obtained at the measurement sites will be standardized and will be comparable locally and globally. Twenty sensors were calibrated, belonging to Argentine monitoring and research institutions. The associated relative uncertainty of each sensor was also estimated.
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GAW Report, 241. SPARC/IO3C/GAW Report on Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere
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ETR, 24. A Compendium of Topics to Support Management Development in National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
The present compendium of topics for management development is intended to help a NMHS establish management development programmes that meet the needs and culture of the organization. The provision of curricular (i.e. aims, learning outcomes and content), briefing notes, sources of further reading and discussion topics should make it easier to establish a bespoke programme rather than having to start from scratch. Even if an external agency provides the components of a management development programme, having the compendium should make it easier to specify what should be included. Regional Tra ...
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IOM Report, 131. WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) (2012 - 2015)
The Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) was conducted as an internationally coordinated project, initiated and guided by the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The SPICE field experiments took place between 2013 and 2015, with a preparatory stage during the winter of 2012/13.
SPICE was carried out as a major international effort, and has been remarkable for the diversity of organizations which hosted SPICE tests, contributed with instruments, and were engaged in the data analysis and the derivat ...
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Leveraging the Best Available Science for Increased Effectiveness of Climate Finance
Effective results from climate finance require evidence- and science-based information on the state and behavior of the Earth’s atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, regional climates, and the resulting distribution of water resources. The high demand for such information, however, has led to a fragmented flow of internationally-funded projects that lack operational linkages with broader hydrological and meteorological systems and national-regional-global integration. To address this, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF) have established an innova ...
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Making the case : Effective Investments in Early Warning Systems for Climate Resilience
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; World Bank the; Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, the ; et al. - WMO, 2018
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Caribbean 2017 Hurricane Season an evidence-based assessment of the Early Warning System
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; World Bank the; Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, the ; et al. - WMO, 2018This report presents the key findings and recommendations for strengthening multi-hazard early warning systems in the Caribbean, following the first-ever systematic review of their performance in a post-disaster environment. The review took place after the passage of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria which significantly impacted more than 12 island States in the region in 2017.
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GAW Report, 242. 19th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2017)
The meeting reviewed current WMO data quality objectives, reference scales and observation strategies, including calibration, quality control, data management and archiving. Target species were carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon in greenhouse gas measurements. The workshop discussed in detail the harmonization and quality control of isotope measurements, the extension of the measurement network towards more polluted and urban areas, the use of low-cost sensors, and the collaboration of the scientific greenhouse gas and carbon cycle community with the me ...
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Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation : Abridged Final Report of the Seventeenth Session
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GCOS, 222. Systematic observations and the Paris agreement : Report of the Task Team on the Paris Agreement
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018The Paris Agreement will drive climate policy for many years to come. It establishes a science-based cycle of reporting (through the Transparency Framework), assessment (the Global Stocktake) and increasing ambition of action to address climate change (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDC). The Agreement has three main aims: to limit the global temperature increase, to increase the adaptive capabilities of the Parties, and to increase the making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.
The Paris Agreement covers ...
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WIGOS Technical Report, 2018-01. WIGOS, WMO Integrated Global Observing System - Benefits to the Environment and Society from the Availability and Use of AMDAR Data
This report presents an updated summary of AMDAR data usage and the resulting impacts and benefits to meteorological forecasting and the aviation industry. It then provides a presentation of the environmental and climate applications and studies that also benefit from the use of AMDAR data, as a result, bringing benefits to the environment and wider society. These areas of societal benefits include weather, transportation, energy, disaster reduction, health, climate and agriculture.
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Review of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; International Council for Science (ICSU); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; et al. - ICSU, 2018The report looks at WCRP’s structure and governance in the current context, considering the effectiveness of its operations and relationship with key partners, as well as its contributions to major international policy processes. Finally, the report looks ahead to the future of WCRP and makes a number of recommendations for WCRP to fulfil its mission in the context of 21st century challenges.
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Global Weather Enterprise Conference : DATA- Business Models and Policies Shaping the Future of Global Weather Enterprise
Global Weather Enterprise is the global dimension of the multi-national multistakeholder weather enterprise encompassing all contributors to the Earth system monitoring, prediction and service provision from public, private and academic sectors, as well as learned or civil society entities.
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Understanding the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C
In 2015 governments adopted the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change (see below) and invited the IPCC to prepare a special report in 2018 to assess the impacts and related pathways of warming of 1.5ºC. This brief provides context and explanation of key concepts for policymakers, media and others about the Special Report on 1.5°C, scheduled to be published, subject to approval, by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 8 October 2018. This brief is produced prior to the release of the report and therefore does not contain results from the report itself.
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Guidelines on Quality Management in Climate Services
Chapter 1 provides a description of the process approach within the ISO 9000 family of QMS standards. Chapter 2 describes the implementation of the process approach in climate services. Chapters 3–6 provide some essential aspects, examples and best practices to be considered when implementing the process approach in climate services processes: climate data, climate monitoring, climate prediction and service delivery. Chapter 7 mentions briefly some steps in obtaining certification.
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WMO for the 21st Century
This restructuring of the Organization will enhance proactive regional engagement and capacity development. In our response to the growing global demand for weather, climate and water expertise, the reform provisions assure that no Member is left behind.
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Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations Open Programme Area Group on Remote-Sensing Technologies - Inter-Programme Expert Team on Operational Weather Radars
The key aims of this meeting were to consolidate important activities and plans for completing deliverables within the IPET’s work plan ahead of the upcoming session of CIMO in 2018. In particular, the IPET focused on reinvigorating activities and tasks towards the development of a Best Practices Guide on Operational Weather Radar. The team spent several sessions on developing the improved structure of the guide and drafting and organising materials under that structure. Additionally team members reported on the status and progress of other tasks in the work plan, including the successful comp ...
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Guidance on Verification of Operational Seasonal Climate Forecasts
The purpose of this publication is to describe and recommend procedures for the verification of operational probabilistic seasonal forecasts, including those from the Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs), National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and other forecasting centres. The recommendations are meant to complement the WMO Commission for Basic Systems Standardized Verification System for Long-range Forecasts (SVSLRF). SVSLRF defines standards for verifying model outputs from Global Producing Centres (GPCs), and so includes procedures for measuring the quality of ensemble predic ...
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Report and Recommendations of the Thirty-seventh Meeting of the Financial Advisory Committee to the Seventeeth session of the Executive Council : EC-70/INF. 16.1(1); 20.VI.2018
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ETR, 22. Seasonal Climate Forecast - COURSE PACKAGE T.O.P. : Theory and Operational Principles, Project Report
This is the report on the project to create the Seasonal Climate Forecast - Course Package T.O.P. The goal of this online course package is to allow the transfer of seasonal climate forecast knowledge to improve and increase the operational capabilities of the targeted users. The package provides both a theoretical and a practical set of knowledge on seasonal forecast and predictability models, climate and data analysis, forecast verification, and specific application of seasonal forecast for agriculture and water management.
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