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AGM, 11. Agricultural drought indices : proceedings of an expert meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Motha Raymond P.; Wilhite Donald A.; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1572)The Murcia Expert Meeting is based on the outcomes of the Regional Workshop on Indices and Early Warning Systems for Drought which was held at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in December, 2009. At the Lincoln workshop, drought experts examined what indices are used for meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought and developed the Lincoln Declaration on Drought Indices. There was a consensus agreement that the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) should be used to characterize meteorological droughts by all NMHSs around the world. Several other of the recommendations formt eh Lin ...
GAW Report, 194. 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxyide, other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques
The 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques took place from 7 to 10 September 2009 at the MaxPlanck-Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. The meeting reviewed current WMO data quality objectives, covering such topics as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, radiocarbon in greenhouse gas measurements, calibration, quality control, data management and archiving. The experts also discussed new and emerging technologies, including measurements of greenhouse gases with high-precision spectr ...
Climate for you
Through a wide variety of proxy records, including ice cores, tree rings, sediments, corals, rocks and fossils, among others, the modern science of paleoclimatology reveals that climate variability and change were present on our planet long before our ancestors. More recently, there are several references in our recorded history to unusual periods in some parts of the world, such as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the subsequent Little Ice Age, as well as exceptional events like the “year without a summer” of 1816, attributed to the colossal 1815 Mount Tambora eruption.
WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2010
The year 2010 was especially notable in that global surface temperatures reached record values at the same level as in 1998 and 2005, consistent with the acceleration of the warming experienced over the last 50 years. The year also signalled the closure of the warmest decade on record. Over this decade, warming was markedly more pronounced in some regions, notably so in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, South Asia and the Arctic.
Weather extremes in a changing climate : hindsight on foresight
Devastating climate and weather-related events recorded in recent years have captured public interest. This brochure provides a sample of extreme events for the past decade (2001-2010), including an A3 map, and reviews whether these extreme events are consistent with scientific assessments of climate.
JCOMM Meeting Report, 83. JCOMM Management Committee - Eighth Session : final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2011
GCOS, 149. Report of the Third GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation and Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-3)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1575)
Guide to the Global Observing System
The main purpose of this guide is to provide practical information on the development, organization, implementation and operation of the Global Observing System in order to enhance both the participation of individual Members in the System and the benefits they may obtain from it. The Guide explains and describes Global Observing System practices, procedures and specifications and is aimed at assisting the technical and administrative staff of National Meteorological Services responsible for the networks of observing stations in preparing national instructions for observers.
IOM Report, 101. Guidance on Instrumentation for Calibration Laboratories, including Regional Instrument Centres
Users of meteorological observations have increasing needs for high quality meteorological and hydrological data. The traceability of these data to the International System of Units (SI) standards is needed to ensure their quality and to meet the users’ requirements. Regional Instrument Centres, as well as NMHSs calibration laboratories are essential in ensuring data quality by providing calibration of the standards and traceability to SI. CIMOXIV recognized that RICs needed guidance on how to build calibration laboratories and purchase calibration equipment to strengthen their capabilities. T ...
Manual on Stream Gauging, Vol. I: Fieldwork
The Manual on Stream Gauging (WMO No. 519) was first released in 1980. Since then, however, there have been significant advances both in the approach and the methodologies employed.
Consequently, at its twelfth session (Geneva, October 2004), the WMO Commission for Hydrology (CHy) decided to meet the identified needs of the National Hydrological Services by revising the Manual to include the newer technologies that have been introduced over the period and are currently employed in this crucial field.
In this context, Volume I of the Manual on Stream Gauging encompasses the topics ...
GCOS, 142. Report from the Fourth Meeting of the WCRP Observation and Assimilation Panel (WOAP)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010
GCOS, 146. Report of the Sixth GCOS Cooperation Mechanism Board Meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010
WCRP Informal/Series Report, 5/2010. Report from the Fourth Meeting of the WCRP Observation and Assimilation Panel (WOAP)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010
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DBCP Technical Document, 38. Annual report for 2009
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DBCP Technical Document, 36. Presentations at the DBCP Scientific and Technical Workshop
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010
DBCP Technical Document, 15. Global Drifting Buoy Observations: a DBCP Implementation Strategy
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010
Inaugural Meeting Scientific Advisory Group on Volcanic Ash (VA-SAG) : Final Report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG); International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - WMO, 2010
5th International Workshop on Volcanic Ash : Report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO); Dirección General de Aeronautica Civil - WMO, 2010
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JCOMM Technical Report, 52. Eleventh International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting and Second Coastal Hazard Symposium
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1533)
JCOMM Technical Report, 51. Ship Observations Team (SOT) annual report for 2009
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1525)
JCOMM Technical Report, 04. The Voluntary Observing Ships Scheme, a Framework Document
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010Ships of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) scheme have always been an important component of the global observing system of the WMO, providing meteorological and oceanographic data essential to operational meteorology, maritime safety services, and a range of marine climatological applications. More recently, it has become clear that their observations can also be of critical importance to global climate studies.
IOM Report, 103. Evaluation Scheme for Regional Instrument Centres and Other Calibration Laboratories
The calibration of instruments and the traceability of meteorological measurements to the International Standard (SI) of units are crucial to ensure the quality of meteorological observations and to meet the users’ requirements. Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) play a key role in this context, by providing calibration services to other Members of their Region. In view of the need to ensure the quality of the services provided by the RICs, and the need for strengthening of RICs, the WMO Executive Council requested CIMO to develop a mechanism for their continuous evaluation to ensure quality o ...
IOM Report, 102. CIMO Survey on national summaries of methods and instruments for solid precipitation measurement at automatic weather stations
This publication reports on the results of the CIMO survey, initiated in 2008, on the current methods, instruments and challenges for the measurement of solid precipitation at automatic weather stations. The current survey is the third in its category. It was built on the two previous surveys that were conducted by CIMO 10 and 20 years ago. Since then, the automatic stations have been providing an increased percentage of precipitation data, snow water equivalent, and depth of snow on the ground. The CIMO, at its 14th session, initiated this review to assess the methods for measurement and obse ...
IOM Report, 100. Evaluation of the Survey on Lightning Detection Systems - Report on Current Operational Networks
This publication reports on the results of the CIMO survey on lightning detection systems. This survey was the first in its category. It was initiated by the CIMO in its 14th intersession period as part of a review of the current operational lightning detection systems networks used by Members, to assess the need and possibility to organize an intercomparison of such systems. In that context, CIMO charged the Expert Team on Remote Sensing UpperAir Technology and Techniques to conduct this work. This IOM Report, prepared by a member of the Expert Team, Mr Mohamed Dahoui provides the results of ...
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Proceedings of the OceanObs'09 Conference - Ocean information for society : sustaining the benefits, realizing the potential
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; European Space Agency (ESA); European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); et al. - ESA Publications Division, 2010Vol. 1: Plenary papers;
Vol. 2.1: Community white papers;
Vol. 2.2: Community white papers (part 2);
SP, 07. The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
This document continues the series submitted by WMO at yearly intervals, aiming at reviewing the status of satellite programmes and analysing particular aspects. It is structured as a Dossier comprising an Introduction followed by five Volumes: Vol. I Satellite programmes description; Vol. II Earth observation satellites and their instruments; Vol. III Gap analysis in the space-based component of GOS; Vol. IV Estimated performance of products from typical satellite instruments; Vol. V Compliance analysis of potential product performances with user.
requirements
WMO Statement on the scientific basis for, and limitations of, river discharge and stage forecasting
WMO, 2010This statement was prepared by participants of the 13 th session of the WMO Commission for Hydrology to provide a perspective on the current state of hydrological forecasting. The intent is to provide an overview and summarize factors affecting forecast accuracy and lead-time that reflect the priorities of the Commission in strengthening hydrological forecasting.
GCOS, 145. Report of the Eighteenth Session of the WMO-IOC-UNEP-ICSU Steering Committee for GCOS
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1563)
GCOS, 144. Guide to the GCOS Surface Network (GSN) and GCOS Upper-Air Network (GUAN) : (2010 Update of GCOS-73)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1558)
GCOS, 143. Guideline for the Generation of Datasets and Products Meeting GCOS Requirements*
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1530)This guideline is intended to help all producers of climate-relevant datasets (e.g., meteorological services, research institutions, oceanographic centres, environmental agencies, space agencies, universities) in the way they document, assess the quality of, and publicize their work related to the generation, processing and analysis of climate datasets and derived products (i.e. Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDRs)2 and Essential Climate Variable products (ECV, cf. Annex I)), based on observations from surface-based, airborne and satellite-based instruments.
GCOS, 141. Summary Report of the Twelfth Session of the GTOS/GCOS Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate (TOPC): final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1528)
GAW Report, 189. Report of the MACC/GAW Session on the Near-Real-Time Delivery of the GAW Observations of Reactive Gases
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Penkett Stuart; Schultz M.; et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1527)
Public Weather Services - Summary Guide to Survey Design and Delivery : Based on the “Introduction to Survey Design and Delivery” produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Coastal Services Centre
This “Summary Guide to Survey Design and Delivery”, which is based on the publication “Introduction to Survey Design and Delivery” by NOAA Coastal Services Centre, has been produced as the result of the work of the Public Weather Services Expert Team on Services and Products Improvement (ET/SPI) mandated to provide guidance for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) on developing user surveys and interpreting their results. It reflects attributes of a successful survey. The full text of the above publication can be viewed at the PWS Website.
PWS-SG, 05. Working with the Media
This summary guide is for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) staff who work with the media. It provides advice on how to approach media interviews, how to handle questions and what to do when faced with difficult situations.
PWS-SG, 04. Using Surveys to Evaluate Services
This summary guide is for Natjonal Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) staff who are required to measure the effectiveness of their services by undertaking surveys of the public. It provides advice on how to conduct surveys in order to discover the public perception and opinion of the services that NMHSs provide.
PWS-SG, 03. Communicating with the Public
This summary guide is for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) staff who have to communicate a message to the public. It provides advice on how to broadcast effectively. If you are a meteorologist who broadcasts weather forecasts and information on radio or television, or a senior manager who holds press conferences, then this guide is for you.
PWS-SG, 01. Communicating Forecast Uncertainty
This summary guide is for forecasters who are required to include uncertainty information in weather and climate forecasts and want to know the best way to present it. It provides advice on communicating probability forecasts, or other kinds of uncertainty information.
PWS-SG, 02. Communication, public eduction and outreach
This summary guide is for managers of forecast operations of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). It is designed to help you make your services understood by the public, and to engage with the community so that they better understand what you do.
Proceedings of the World Climate Conference-3 : with Conference declaration establishing a Global Framework for Climate Services
"The World Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3) was a landmark event at which leaders and senior government officials discussed the scientific tools and services needed to improve the world's ability to adapt to a changing climate". Ban-Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations
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CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 25. Report of the twenty-fifth session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council for Science (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1524)
JCOMM Technical Report, 23. SIGRID-3 :a vector archive format for sea ice charts
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Ice Charting Working Group's Ad Hoc Format Team for the WMO Global Digital Sea Ice Data Bank Project - WMO, 2010 (revised edition; WMO/TD-No. 1214)This document describes the SIGRID-3 format so that it may be understood by a variety of users and implemented by chart-producing ice centers or services. SIGRID-3 evolved from earlier SIGRID formats and incorporates much of their content (see Appendix 1 for notes on earlier SIGRID formats and their application in SIGRID-3). For example, SIGRID variable identifiers such as “CT” for total concentration are used in SIGRID-3. While all SIGRID variable identifiers may be used in SIGRID-3, those that are commonly used are required, such as concentration, stage of development, and form. Users famili ...
WWRP 2010-2 - 1st WMO International Conference on Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change
Contains: Inter-annual Variation of Frequency of Cyclonic Disturbances Landfalling over WMO/ESCAP Panel Member Countries; Toward Improved Projection of the Future Tropical Cyclone Changes; An Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Cyclone Frequency and Design Wave Height in the Oman Sea; Long-Range Prediction of Tropical Cyclones for Bangladesh; On Developing a Tropical Cyclone Archive and Climatology for the South Indian and South Pacific Oceans; International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Synthesizing Global Tropical Cyclone Best Track Data; Simulation of Track and In ...
Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) - Third session : Abridged final report with resolutions and recommendations
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO-No. 1049)
Abstracts - International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Weather and Climate Services
The International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Weather and Climate Services is taking place at a time when there is a growing concern about livelihoods of over 500 million smallholder farmers around the world coupled with the increasing climate variability and future climate change. The world population is projected to grow from 6.5 billion today to 8.3 billion in 2030 and nearly 9.2 billion in 2050. All of that growth will be concentrated in developing countries. Global food production will therefore need to increase by more than 50% by 2030, and should nearly doub ...
WWRP, 05. WWRP 2010-5 - 5th WMO Symposium on data assimilation
Improving the combination of observations and dynamical models by data assimilation systems has underpinned many advances in our understanding of the natural environment, and forecasting ability. These improvements, coupled with the development of ever more powerful computers and more sophisticated communication systems such as the internet and the World Wide Web have also heightened expectations. As a result, society is looking for further significant benefits from applications of meteorology, oceanography and hydrology.
GAW Report, 191. Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation : part 4: Array Spectroradiometers
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Bais A.; Bernhard G.; et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1538)This paper is part four of a series of documents dedicated to instruments for the measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation. The series of documents has been drawn up by the WMO Scientific Advisory Group on UV Monitoring and the UV Instrumentation Subgroup. The aim of the series is to define instrument specifications and guidelines for instrument characterization that are needed for reliable UV measurements.
WWRP, 04. WWRP 2010-4 - 2nd WMO International Workshop on Tropical Landfall Processes (IWTCLP-II)
Severe calamities and fatalities have arisen from landfalling tropical cyclones (TC) around the world in recent years, such as Morakot (August 2009) in western North Pacific, Nargis (May 2008) in Bay of Bengal, Gonu (June 2007) in North Arabian Sea, Bilis (July 2006) in western North Pacific, Katrina (August 2005) in Gulf of Mexico, and Catarina (March 2004) in South Atlantic etc. Transferring the advancements from the research community to operational forecast centers in NMHSs would be helpful for improving the landfalling tropical cyclone (LTC) forecasts and for mitigation of high-impact tro ...
WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2009
An annually updated 13-page booklet illustrated with graphic analyses, to describe the evolution and fluctuations of the climate system on global and regional scales
PWS, 19. National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, Their Partners and User Communities : (Follow-up to the Madrid Action Plan - for Improved Social and Economic Benefits of Weather, Climate and Water Services)
This report has been prepared to build upon the Madrid Action Plan (MAP) that resulted from the WMO International Conference on Secure and Sustainable Living: Social and Economic Benefits of Weather, Climate and Water Services, Madrid, Spain, 19-22 March 2007, which is also known as the Madrid Conference. The report is presented in three parts and four appendices. The first section, Part I of the report relates to the Madrid Conference and the MAP. The MAP actions are analysed and proposals are made regarding the ways that both National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and the ...
PWS, 20. Administrative Procedure for Registering WMO Alerting Identifiers
In applications and services which support alerting, it is necessary to identify various information objects. This document enables the registration of Object IDentifiers (OIDs) for alerting information, i.e., content included in alert messages or otherwise associated with the activity of alerting. The Registration Authority, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), maintains these OIDs and accepts requests through WMO Members for the assignment of additional OIDs for information objects relevant to alerting. This document specifies rules for the registration of all such OIDs subordinate to th ...
Global sea-level rise update
Sea level is higher now and is rising much more rapidly than at any other time in the past 3 000 years. We know that sea level will continue to rise for many centuries, even after global temperatures are stabilized, as it takes that long for the ocean and ice sheets to respond fully to a warmer climate. Unchecked global warming is likely to raise sea level by several metres in coming centuries, leading to the loss of many coastal cities and entire island states. This longer-term threat is already being exacerbated by increased frequency of short-term extreme sea levels due to the superposition ...
PWS, 21. Guidelines on early warning systems and application of nowcasting and warning operations
In 2010, a historic heat wave and numerous wildfires impacted Moscow and surrounding areas in the Russian Federation. At the same time, catastrophic flooding from unusually heavy monsoon rains was ongoing in Pakistan. Both events led to many fatalities and considerable human suffering. As climate change due to anthropogenic forcing continues, extreme weather events such as these are likely to become more common (IPCC 2007), further increasing the need for preparedness and early warning systems.
The need for robust early warning systems goes beyond purely natural disasters and extend ...
IOM Report, 105. Measurement challenges for global observation systems for climate change monitoring : traceability, stability and uncertainty
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1557)The WMO-BIPM workshop on ‘Measurement Challenges for Global Observation Systems for Climate Change Monitoring: Traceability, Stability and Uncertainty’ was held at the WMO Headquarters from 30 March to 1 April 2010, and brought together over 120 scientists active in long term measurements
relevant to climate change monitoring and metrologists responsible for developing standards as references to which such measurements could be traceable.
Sixty ways WMO makes a difference
This sixtieth anniversary commemorative booklet spells out 60 ways that WMO makes a difference in peoples' lives. It illustrates the critical role that WMO and the NMHSs of its 189 Members play in numerous economic sectors and in maintaining a harmonious balance in nature. The rapid advances in information and space technologies have greatly helped in improving the forecasting ability of the meteorological community.
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CIMO IOM Reports No.95 to 103
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1433, 1494, 1501, 1504, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545)
Climate, Carbon and Coral Reefs
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - WMO, 2010 (WMO-No. 1063)This brochure summarizes the CO2 threat to coral reefs, the science supporting projections and the solutions that are needed to prevent the loss of one of the world’s natural wonders.
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Manual on Stream Gauging
The Manual on Stream Gauging (WMO No. 519) was first released in 1980. Since then, however, there have been significant advances both in the approach and the methodologies employed.
Consequently, at its twelfth session (Geneva, October 2004), the WMO Commission for Hydrology (CHy) decided to meet the identified needs of the National Hydrological Services by revising the Manual to include the newer technologies that have been introduced over the period and are currently employed in this crucial field.
In this context, Volume I of the Manual on Stream Gauging encompasses the topics ...
Manual on Stream Gauging, Vol. II: Computation of discharge
The Manual on Stream Gauging (WMO No. 519) was first released in 1980. Since then, however, there have been significant advances both in the approach and the methodologies employed.
Consequently, at its twelfth session (Geneva, October 2004), the WMO Commission for Hydrology (CHy) decided to meet the identified needs of the National Hydrological Services by revising the Manual to include the newer technologies that have been introduced over the period and are currently employed in this crucial field.
In this context, Volume I of the Manual on Stream Gauging encompasses the topics ...
Role of NMHSs in adaptation to climate variability and change : (Analysis report of a survey)
To understand better the role of NMHSs in adaptation at national level, the Climate Prediction and Adaptation Branch (CLPA) has conducted, for the first time, an online survey to gather this information for the benefit of the NMHSs and the people and institutions that they serve.
GCOS, 138. Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in support of the UNFCCC : (2010 update)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1523)This 2010 edition of the Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (IP-10) replaces a similarly titled Plan (IP-04) which was published in 2004.2 Its purpose is to provide an updated set of Actions required to implement and maintain a comprehensive global observing system for climate that will address the commitments of the Parties under Articles 4 and 5 of the UNFCCC and support their needs for climate observations in fulfilment of the objectives of the Convention. This revised Plan updates the Actions in the IP-04, taking account of recent progr ...
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